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Abraham Maslow

Abraham Maslow was an American psychologist and philosopher best known for his hierarchy of needs and for helping found humanistic psychology.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Abraham Maslow was an American psychologist and philosopher best known for his hierarchy of needs and for helping found humanistic psychology. His work focused on human motivation, self-actualization, and the study of healthy personality development. Maslow is widely associated with the five-level hierarchy of needs, which remains a standard framework in psychology.

Life and career

Maslow was born in New York City in 1908 and died in Menlo Park, California, in 1970. He became a major figure in mid-20th-century psychology and taught at Brandeis University from 1951 to 1969, where he founded its psychology department.

Humanistic psychology

Maslow is regarded as a founder of humanistic psychology, an approach that emphasized human potential, growth, and healthy functioning rather than only pathology. This perspective influenced later positive psychology and human potential movements.

Hierarchy of needs

His best-known idea is the hierarchy of needs, a model of motivation that places physiological and safety needs below belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization. Maslow argued that people are motivated by needs that tend to emerge in a progression from basic survival needs to higher-level growth needs.

Influence

Maslow’s ideas have had lasting influence in psychology, education, management, and later positive psychology, though some later commentators note that the familiar pyramid image was not created by Maslow himself. The hierarchy is widely taught in Canadian psychology, education, business, and health contexts as a standard framework for human motivation.

Key facts

  • Maslow is widely associated with the five-level hierarchy of needs: physiological, safety, belongingness and love, esteem, and self-actualization.
  • He is considered one of the founders of humanistic psychology.
  • Maslow argued that people are motivated by needs that tend to emerge in a progression from basic survival needs to higher-level growth needs.
  • His work influenced later fields and ideas, including positive psychology and human potential movements.
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Canadian context

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is widely taught in Canadian psychology, education, business, and health contexts as a standard framework for human motivation.

Frequently asked questions

Who was Abraham Maslow?
He was an American psychologist and philosopher best known for humanistic psychology and the hierarchy of needs.
What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
It is a theory of motivation that arranges human needs from physiological needs up to self-actualization.
What did Maslow contribute to psychology?
He helped establish humanistic psychology and emphasized self-actualization, motivation, and healthy personality development.
Did Maslow create the pyramid diagram?
No. Sources note that the popular pyramid image is commonly used to depict his theory, but Maslow was not responsible for that iconic diagram.
Where did Maslow teach?
He taught at Brandeis University and founded its psychology department.

References

  1. Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/biography/Abraham-H-Maslow
    Supports: Birth and death dates, nationality, occupation, and overview of his self-actualization theory.
  2. PBShttps://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bhmasl.html
    Supports: Maslow as a founder of humanistic psychology.
  3. Simply Psychologyhttps://www.simplypsychology.org/wp-content/uploads/Maslow.pdf
    Supports: Maslow’s view of needs progressing from one level to another.
  4. Brandeis Universityhttps://www.brandeis.edu/now/2013/may/maslow.html
    Supports: Maslow founding the psychology department at Brandeis and teaching there from 1951 to 1969.
  5. Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/biography/Abraham-H-Maslow
    Supports: His role in self-actualization theory and broader significance.
  6. Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/biography/Abraham-H-Maslow
    Supports: Biographical facts and professional identity.
  7. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslow%27s_hierarchy_of_needs
    Supports: Original five needs and note that the pyramid diagram was not created by Maslow.