American bison

The American bison (Bison bison) is a large North American mammal in the family Bovidae, commonly called buffalo.

The American bison (Bison bison) is a large North American mammal in the family Bovidae, commonly called buffalo. It is the largest land mammal in North America and is native to grasslands and prairies across the continent. The species was named the national mammal of the United States in 2016 and is currently listed as Near Threatened.

Taxonomy and naming

The American bison is a species of bison in the family Bovidae and is scientifically named Bison bison. Although often called buffalo, that name is common usage rather than the formal common name.

Physical characteristics

American bison are massive, shaggy mammals with large heads, curved horns, and shoulder humps. Adult males are much larger than females and can weigh more than a ton.

Habitat and range

Historically, American bison ranged across much of North America, including what is now Canada, the United States, and parts of Mexico. Today, their range is far smaller and is shaped by land use and wildlife management.

Conservation and recovery

Bison populations were driven to near extinction in the 1800s, then rebuilt through protection, captive breeding, and managed herds. The species is now considered Near Threatened, with many individuals living in commercial or conservation herds. Wood bison are an important conservation and cultural species in northern Canada.

Cultural significance

American bison are strongly associated with the North American Great Plains and have major cultural significance, including to Indigenous peoples and as a symbol of the American West. The United States designated it as its national mammal in 2016.