Andrew Carnegie

Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who became a leading figure in the expansion of the U.S.

Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who became a leading figure in the expansion of the U.S. steel industry in the late 19th century. He later devoted much of his fortune to philanthropy, especially libraries, education, and scientific institutions. Carnegie remains closely associated with both industrial capitalism and the idea that great wealth should be used for public benefit.

Early life and immigration

Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, to a working-class family and emigrated to the United States in 1848. He began his career in modest jobs before moving into business and investment.

Steel industry career

Carnegie became one of the central figures in the U.S. steel industry by building an integrated steel empire near Pittsburgh. His use of new technologies and vertical integration helped make Carnegie Steel highly dominant.

Philanthropy

After selling his steel company, Carnegie focused on giving away his fortune. He supported libraries, universities, scientific research, and institutions such as the Carnegie Corporation of New York.

Legacy and controversy

Carnegie is remembered both as a major philanthropist and as a powerful industrialist associated with harsh labour conflicts. His career continues to be discussed as an example of the contradictions of the Gilded Age.