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Science & Nature • Entomology

Asian hornet

The Asian hornet, or yellow-legged hornet, is an insect species in the family Vespidae, scientifically named Vespa velutina.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 27, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

The Asian hornet, or yellow-legged hornet, is an insect species in the family Vespidae, scientifically named Vespa velutina. Native to Asia, it has become an invasive species in parts of Europe, including France, where it preys on honey bees and other insects.

Taxonomy and naming

The Asian hornet is Vespa velutina, an hymenopteran insect in the Vespidae family. Common names include Asian hornet and yellow-legged hornet.

Distribution and introduction

The species is native to Asia and has been introduced outside its original range. Sources describe established invasive populations in France and broader spread in Europe.

Identification

The Asian hornet is usually darker than the European hornet, with yellow legs and orange-yellow markings on the abdomen. It is often used in public identification guides because it is frequently confused with native hornets.

Ecology and impact

The species is described as an invasive alien species that preys on honey bees and other insects. Its presence is considered harmful to apiculture and to local biodiversity.

Key facts

  • Vespa velutina is an insect species in the hornet group, within the family Vespidae and order Hymenoptera.
  • It is native to Asia and has a broad range across countries including India, China, Indonesia, Nepal, Bhutan, and Vietnam.
  • In France, it was first recorded in 2004 in Lot-et-Garonne and is now widespread across much of the country.
  • The species is considered an invasive alien species in France because of its impact on honey bees and other native insects.
  • It is commonly identified by its generally dark body, yellow legs, and orange-yellow abdominal markings.
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Canadian context

The Asian hornet is mainly a European and Asian biosecurity concern; it has also been reported as introduced in the United States, so Canadian readers may encounter it in invasive-species and apiculture reporting.

Frequently asked questions

What is the Asian hornet?
It is a hornet species, Vespa velutina, native to Asia and known as the yellow-legged hornet in French and English usage.
Is the Asian hornet invasive?
Yes. In France and other parts of Europe, it is widely described as an invasive alien species.
When did it appear in France?
Sources state that it was first recorded in France in 2004, in Lot-et-Garonne.
What does it eat?
It preys on other insects, especially honey bees, and is also reported to feed on fruit.
How can it be distinguished from the European hornet?
It is generally darker, with yellow legs and orange-yellow abdominal markings, while the European hornet is larger and more visibly yellow.

References

  1. French Wikipediahttps://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespa_velutina
    Supports: Scientific name, common names, family, native range.
  2. LPOhttps://www.lpo.fr/la-lpo-en-actions/mobilisation-citoyenne/refuges-lpo/tutoriels/comment-distinguer-le-frelon-asiatique-du-frelon-europeen
    Supports: French common name, invasive status in France, first appearance in France in 2004, spread, impact on bees.
  3. Muséum national d’Histoire naturellehttps://www.mnhn.fr/fr/frelon-asiatique-a-pattes-jaunes
    Supports: Common name, invasive status, native and introduced ranges, impact on honey bee colonies.
  4. Communauté d'agglomération Sophia Antipolishttps://www.agglo-sophiaantipolis.fr/vivre-et-habiter/evoluer-dans-son-environnement/preserver-les-espaces-naturels-et-la-biodiversite/les-especes-exotiques-envahissantes/le-frelon-asiatique
    Supports: First observation in France in 2004, import via pottery from China, invasive status, basic identification features.