Aurangzeb

Aurangzeb (1618–1707), also known by his regnal name Alamgir I, was the sixth Mughal emperor, ruling from 1658 to 1707.

Aurangzeb (1618–1707), also known as Alamgir I, was the sixth Mughal emperor who ruled from 1658 to 1707. Under his reign, the Mughal Empire reached its greatest territorial extent, but his policies and prolonged wars also contributed to internal strain and later decline. His legacy remains a subject of historical debate, particularly in South Asian studies and world history curricula.

Early life and accession

Aurangzeb was born on 3 November 1618 as Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad, the third son of Emperor Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal. He ascended the throne after a struggle for succession that involved the defeat of his brothers.

Reign as Mughal emperor

Aurangzeb ruled the Mughal Empire for nearly 49 years, from 1658 to 1707. His reign saw the empire expand to its largest territorial extent, with major campaigns in the Deccan and sustained conflict with regional powers. He is widely described as the last of the great Mughal emperors.

Policies and administration

Aurangzeb is known for promoting a more orthodox interpretation of Islamic rule. He reimposed the jizya tax on non-Muslims and implemented stricter religious measures. His policies have been a focus of historical analysis and debate.

Legacy and historical debate

Aurangzeb remains one of South Asia's most debated rulers. Some accounts emphasize his imperial expansion and administrative capability, while others highlight his religious policies, prolonged warfare, and the empire's weakening after his reign. Historians and later commentators have debated his role in the decline of the Mughal Empire.