Berlin

Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany, and one of the country’s 16 federal states.

Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany, and one of the country’s 16 federal states. It is known for its central role in German history, including its periods as the capital of Prussia, the German Empire, and reunified Germany. The city had about 3.7 million inhabitants in 2024, making it the most populous city proper in the European Union.

History

Berlin emerged as a settlement in the 13th century and later became the capital of Prussia and, from 1871, of unified Germany. After World War II it was divided into East and West Berlin before regaining its role as the capital after German reunification in 1990.

Geography

Berlin lies in northeastern Germany in the glacial valley of the River Spree. It is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg and is notable for its large area, lakes, forests, and green spaces.

Government and status

Berlin is unusual among world capitals because it is both a city and a federal state. As one of Germany’s states, it has its own state-level government and administrative structure.

Population and metropolitan area

The city proper has about 3.7 million residents, while the wider urban and metropolitan regions are significantly larger. Berlin is the most populous city proper in the European Union.

Culture and landmarks

Berlin is internationally known for museums, historical monuments, architecture, and a major contemporary arts scene. Sources highlight attractions such as Museum Island, the Brandenburg Gate, and the city’s extensive cultural institutions.