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Crime & Justice • Financial crime

Bernie Madoff

Bernie Madoff was an American financier and former chairman of NASDAQ who was convicted of running the largest known Ponzi scheme in history.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 27, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Bernie Madoff was an American financier and former chairman of NASDAQ who was convicted of running the largest known Ponzi scheme in history. He pleaded guilty in 2009 to 11 federal crimes and was sentenced to 150 years in prison. He died in federal custody in 2021 at age 82.

Early life and career

Bernie Madoff was born in Queens, New York, in 1938. He became a Wall Street investment manager and later served as chairman of NASDAQ.

The Ponzi scheme

Madoff’s investment advisory business was exposed in 2008 as a Ponzi scheme, meaning investor withdrawals were paid using money from new investors rather than genuine investment returns.

Criminal case and sentencing

He was arrested in December 2008, pleaded guilty in March 2009 to 11 federal crimes, and was sentenced to 150 years in prison in June 2009.

Death and aftermath

Madoff died in federal custody in 2021. Court-appointed recovery efforts returned billions of dollars to victims, though losses remained enormous.

Key facts

  • Madoff ran an investment business that was later exposed as a large Ponzi scheme.
  • He was arrested in December 2008 after the scheme collapsed during the financial crisis.
  • He pleaded guilty on March 12, 2009, to 11 federal felonies.
  • He was sentenced on June 29, 2009, to 150 years in prison, the maximum possible sentence.
  • He died in prison in April 2021 at age 82.
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Canadian context

Canadian investors, funds, and charities were among the many parties affected indirectly by the global financial fallout from the Madoff scandal, which also influenced securities regulation and fraud awareness in Canada.

Frequently asked questions

Who was Bernie Madoff?
He was an American financier and former NASDAQ chairman who was convicted of operating a massive Ponzi scheme.
What crime was Bernie Madoff known for?
He was known for running the largest known Ponzi scheme in history, which fraudulently paid investors with money from later investors.
When was Bernie Madoff arrested?
He was arrested in December 2008 after the scheme was exposed.
What sentence did Bernie Madoff receive?
He was sentenced to 150 years in prison in 2009.
When did Bernie Madoff die?
He died in April 2021 while in federal custody.

References

  1. Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/biography/Bernie-Madoff
    Supports: Birth and death details, occupation, former NASDAQ role, and summary of the Ponzi scheme.
  2. Federal Bureau of Investigationhttps://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/bernie-madoff
    Supports: Conviction, sentencing, and death in custody.
  3. U.S. Department of Justicehttps://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/programs/victim-witness-services/united-states-v-bernard-l-madoff-and-related-cases
    Supports: 11 felony charges and 150-year sentence.
  4. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madoff_investment_scandal
    Supports: Statement that Madoff admitted operating the largest known Ponzi scheme in history and restitution figure.