Betta fish

Betta fish are small freshwater fish in the genus Betta, best known in aquariums through the species Betta splendens, also called the Siamese fighting fish.

Betta fish are small freshwater fish in the genus Betta, best known in aquariums through the species Betta splendens, also called the Siamese fighting fish. They are native to Southeast Asia and are noted for their bright colours, flowing fins, and territorial behaviour. Bettas are among the oldest domesticated fish and are commonly kept as pets; in Canada, they are widely sold and kept as aquarium pets.

Taxonomy and naming

The common aquarium fish is usually Betta splendens, a species in the genus Betta and family Osphronemidae. The name Siamese fighting fish reflects both its Thai origin and the species’ aggressive male behaviour.

Appearance and behaviour

Betta fish are small, colourful fish with decorative fins, especially in selectively bred aquarium varieties. Males are territorial and may fight other males, which is a defining trait in the species’ common name.

Habitat and range

Wild bettas live in shallow freshwater environments in Southeast Asia, including stagnant ponds, marshes, rice paddies, and slow streams. Their native range centres on Thailand and extends into neighbouring countries such as Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Myanmar.

Care and lifespan

In captivity, betta fish commonly live about two to five years, though some live longer with excellent care. They are generally kept as freshwater aquarium fish and need appropriate space, clean water, and a suitable diet.