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Canada

Canada is a country in North America and the second-largest country in the world by area.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Canada is a country in North America and the second-largest country in the world by area. It is a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy with English and French as its official languages. The national capital is Ottawa, and the country is known for its large land area, diverse population, and significant natural resources.

Etymology

The name Canada is generally traced to the St. Lawrence Iroquoian word 'kanata', meaning 'village' or 'settlement'. The word was used historically in early European exploration and colonization of the region.

History

Canada developed from Indigenous societies and later French and British colonial settlement. It became a confederation in 1867 and expanded through subsequent territorial and constitutional developments.

Government and politics

Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy. Power is divided between the federal government, the provinces, and the territories.

Geography

Canada spans Arctic, subarctic, temperate, and coastal environments, with major features including the Canadian Shield, the Prairies, the Rocky Mountains, and the Atlantic and Pacific coasts.

Culture and society

Canada is characterized by linguistic duality, multicultural immigration, and strong regional diversity. Indigenous peoples, French-speaking communities, and English-speaking communities all shape national identity.

Key facts

  • Canada occupies much of northern North America and borders the United States to the south and northwest.
  • It is the world's second-largest country by total area.
  • Canada is officially bilingual in English and French.
  • Ottawa is the federal capital.
  • Canada has a federal system with ten provinces and three territories.
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Canadian context

This is a core topic for Canadian readers because Canada is the country in which the encyclopedia is published and the main subject of national historical, political, geographic, and cultural reference material.

Frequently asked questions

What is Canada?
Canada is a sovereign country in North America with a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy and two official languages, English and French.
What is the capital of Canada?
The capital of Canada is Ottawa.
Is Canada bilingual?
Yes. English and French are both official languages at the federal level.
How large is Canada?
Canada is the second-largest country in the world by total area, after Russia.
When did Canada become a country?
Canada became a confederation in 1867, which is commonly treated as its founding year as a federal dominion.

References

  1. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/place/Canada
    Supports: Canada's capital, official languages, government type, head of state, and general country facts.
  2. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada
    Supports: General reference for Canada's area, government, provinces and territories, and major national facts.
  3. Historica Canadahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/
    Supports: Canadian national encyclopedia coverage of Canada's history, culture, geography, and society.
  4. UBC Libraryhttps://guides.library.ubc.ca/az/canadian-encyclopedia
    Supports: The Canadian Encyclopedia as Canada's national encyclopedia and its bilingual coverage.