Cane toad

The cane toad (*Rhinella marina*) is a large, terrestrial amphibian native to Central and South America.

The cane toad (*Rhinella marina*) is a large, terrestrial amphibian native to Central and South America. It is also known as the marine toad or giant toad, and has become a major invasive species in parts of the world, especially Australia, after being introduced as a biological control agent. Although not native to Canada, the cane toad is a well-known example of an invasive species relevant to Canadian readers in ecology and biosecurity.

Taxonomy and naming

The cane toad is scientifically known as *Rhinella marina* and belongs to the family Bufonidae. It has also been classified under the older name *Bufo marinus*, and is commonly called the marine toad or giant toad.

Native range and introduction

The species is native to Central America, southern North America, and northern South America. It was introduced to Australia and other regions as a biological control for cane beetles and other agricultural pests. In Australia, the introduction occurred in 1935.

Biology and behaviour

Cane toads are terrestrial, often nocturnal amphibians with rough, warty skin and a broad diet. They breed in water, and their eggs, tadpoles, and adults all contain toxins. They are opportunistic feeders and eat a wide range of small animals and carrion.

Invasive species impacts

In introduced areas, cane toads can harm native wildlife by poisoning predators and competing with other animals for food. In Australia, they are widely treated as a major invasive pest with significant ecological impacts. They have spread through Queensland, the Northern Territory, New South Wales, and parts of Western Australia.