Clavicle

The clavicle, or collarbone, is a long, S-shaped bone in the shoulder girdle that connects the upper limb to the trunk.

The clavicle, or collarbone, is a long, S-shaped bone in the shoulder girdle that connects the upper limb to the trunk. It lies horizontally at the front of the shoulder and helps support shoulder position, transmit force, and protect underlying structures. It is the only long bone in the human body that lies horizontally.

Anatomy

The clavicle is a slender, doubly curved long bone with a medial sternal end, a shaft, and a lateral acromial end. It spans from the manubrium of the sternum to the acromion of the scapula.

Function

The clavicle acts as a strut that holds the shoulder girdle away from the trunk, improving arm mobility and helping transfer forces from the upper limb to the axial skeleton.

Joints and attachments

The clavicle forms the sternoclavicular joint medially and the acromioclavicular joint laterally. Ligaments and muscles attach along its length, contributing to shoulder stability.

Clinical relevance

Because it is superficial and commonly exposed to force, the clavicle is a frequent site of fracture in anatomy and clinical medicine. Its shape and position make it important in shoulder injuries and imaging interpretation.