Crane fly

Crane flies are a large group of true flies in the family Tipulidae, known for their slender bodies and very long legs.

Crane flies are insects in the family Tipulidae, known for their slender bodies and very long legs. They are found worldwide and are common across Canada. These flies are harmless to humans; adults do not bite or sting, but the larvae of some species can damage lawns and turf.

Taxonomy and diversity

Crane flies are a large group of true flies in the family Tipulidae, within the order Diptera. The family is described as one of the largest groups of flies, with many species concentrated in tropical regions. The group is ancient, with fossils dating back to the Middle Triassic.

Description

Crane flies have slender bodies, long legs, and a mosquito-like appearance, but they are not mosquitoes. Adults are weak fliers and are often seen bumping into objects when indoors. Their legs are especially fragile and break off easily.

Life cycle and ecology

Crane flies develop through egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages. Larvae often live in moist soil, water edges, or decaying vegetation, and play roles in decomposition and food webs. The larval stage, sometimes called leatherjackets, can feed on roots and other plant material in some species.

Human significance

Adult crane flies are medically harmless and do not bite or sting. However, some species have larvae that can damage lawns or plants. In North America, a few introduced species have become established pests in some areas. In Canada, extension and pest-management sources note that larvae can sometimes affect lawns and turf.