Demographics of Canada

The demographics of Canada describe the country’s population size, growth, age structure, urbanization, and ethnocultural composition.

The demographics of Canada describe the country’s population size, growth, age structure, urbanization, and ethnocultural composition. Canada is highly urbanized and has grown largely through immigration, while also experiencing an aging population and low fertility rates. As of July 2024, the population was estimated at 41,288,599.

Population growth

Canada’s population has increased steadily over time, with recent growth accelerated by immigration and population estimates. Statistics Canada reported 41,288,599 residents on July 1, 2024, up from 36,991,981 in the 2021 census. Population growth is driven mainly by immigration, with natural increase playing a smaller role.

Age structure

Canada has an older age profile than many countries, with a median age of 40.3 years in July 2024. Statistics Canada also reported nearly equal numbers of men and women in the population.

Urbanization and density

Canada is highly urbanized, with most residents living in urban areas, while the country’s overall density remains very low because of its large land area. Population is concentrated in major metropolitan regions rather than across the full territory. Canada has a low population density, at roughly 4 people per square kilometre.

Ethnocultural composition

Canada is a multicultural country shaped by Indigenous peoples, historic British and French settlement, and immigration from many regions. Census data records multiple ethnic origins and identifies Indigenous populations, visible minority groups, and immigrant background.