The Canadian Encyclopedia — neutral, cited, updated
July 26, 2026Sources cited
Canadianwire.
Canada’s encyclopedia & explainer
HomeScience & NatureArchaeologyDerinkuyu Underground City
Science & Nature • Archaeology

Derinkuyu Underground City

Derinkuyu Underground City is a large multi-level underground settlement in Cappadocia, in Nevşehir Province, Turkey.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Derinkuyu Underground City is a large multi-level underground settlement in Cappadocia, in Nevşehir Province, Turkey. It is the deepest excavated underground city in Turkey and is widely described as having once sheltered up to 20,000 people, along with livestock and food stores. The city was used for centuries and is generally described as being abandoned in the early 20th century.

History

Derinkuyu is generally dated to antiquity and is thought to have been expanded over many centuries by different populations in Cappadocia. Sources describe its use by successive groups, including Phrygians, Persians and Byzantine Christians.

Architecture

The underground complex includes tunnels, rooms, ventilation shafts, wells, storage areas and defensive stone doors. Its scale and engineering allowed large groups to live below ground for extended periods.

Discovery and modern status

The city came to modern attention in the 20th century and is now a major visitor site. It is recognised as one of the largest excavated underground cities in Turkey.

Cappadocian underground networks

Derinkuyu is one of many underground sites in Cappadocia, a region known for extensive subterranean settlements and cave architecture. Some accounts suggest the region contains dozens of such complexes.

Key facts

  • Derinkuyu is an ancient underground city carved into volcanic rock in central Turkey.
  • It is commonly described as reaching about 85 metres deep and extending across roughly 18 levels.
  • The site could reportedly shelter up to 20,000 people, together with animals and stored supplies.
  • It is part of the wider Cappadocia region, which contains many other underground complexes.
  • The city was used for centuries and is generally described as being abandoned in the early 20th century.
🍁
Canadian context

Derinkuyu is of interest to Canadian readers as a major archaeological site and UNESCO-era heritage attraction in Turkey, often discussed in world history, ancient engineering and tourism contexts.

Frequently asked questions

Where is Derinkuyu Underground City located?
It is near the modern town of Derinkuyu in Nevşehir Province, Turkey, within the Cappadocia region.
How deep is Derinkuyu?
Commonly cited sources describe it as about 85 metres deep, or around 280 feet.
How many people could it hold?
It is widely reported to have sheltered up to 20,000 people, together with livestock and food stores.
What was Derinkuyu used for?
It functioned as an underground settlement and refuge, with living spaces, storage areas, ventilation, wells and defensive features.
Is Derinkuyu the largest underground city in the world?
Sources commonly describe it as the largest excavated underground city in Turkey and one of the largest known underground complexes in Cappadocia.
When was it abandoned?
Many sources say it was abandoned in the early 1920s, after the departure of Cappadocian Greeks.

References

  1. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derinkuyu_underground_city
    Supports: Depth, multi-level layout, alternative name, capacity, and general description of the underground city.
  2. BBC Travelhttps://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20220810-derinkuyu-turkeys-underground-city-of-20000-people
    Supports: Depth, number of levels, long-term use, historical transitions, and abandonment in the 1920s.
  3. Atlas Obscurahttps://www.atlasobscura.com/places/derinkuyu-underground-city
    Supports: Discovery history, depth, capacity, defensive features, ventilation and storage spaces.
  4. History Hithttps://www.historyhit.com/locations/derinkuyu-underground-city/
    Supports: Largest excavated underground city in Turkey, multi-level structure, and functional rooms such as stables, storage and a church.