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Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?

Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? is a 1968 dystopian science-fiction novel by American writer Philip K.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 27, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? is a 1968 dystopian science-fiction novel by American writer Philip K. Dick. Set in a post-apocalyptic future, it follows bounty hunter Rick Deckard as he tracks escaped androids and explores questions about empathy, identity, and what it means to be human.

Publication and authorship

The novel was written by Philip K. Dick and published in 1968. It is one of his best-known works and is widely discussed as a major science-fiction novel.

Plot

The story follows Rick Deckard, a bounty hunter who is assigned to find and retire escaped androids on a devastated Earth. A secondary thread involves John Isidore and the fugitive androids.

Themes

The novel is known for exploring humanity, empathy, artificial life, and moral uncertainty. Its central philosophical question concerns how humans differ from machines that can imitate human behaviour.

Adaptations and influence

The novel served as the basis for Ridley Scott’s 1982 film Blade Runner. Elements of the book also influenced later Blade Runner-related works, including Blade Runner 2049.

Key facts

  • The novel was first published in 1968.
  • It is set on a damaged, post-nuclear Earth and centres on bounty hunter Rick Deckard.
  • Deckard’s job is to locate and “retire” escaped androids, called replicants in later adaptation-related usage.
  • The book examines empathy and the boundary between human and machine.
  • It later inspired the 1982 film Blade Runner.

Frequently asked questions

Who wrote Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?
It was written by Philip K. Dick.
When was the novel published?
It was published in 1968.
What is the novel about?
It follows Rick Deckard, a bounty hunter who tracks escaped androids in a post-apocalyptic future.
What themes does it explore?
It explores empathy, identity, artificial life, and the question of what makes someone human.
Is it related to Blade Runner?
Yes. The novel was the basis for the 1982 film Blade Runner.

References

  1. Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/topic/Do-Androids-Dream-of-Electric-Sheep
    Supports: Authorship, publication year, premise, and themes.
  2. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_Androids_Dream_of_Electric_Sheep%3F
    Supports: Publication year, plot details, setting, and adaptation links.
  3. LitChartshttps://www.litcharts.com/lit/do-androids-dream-of-electric-sheep
    Supports: Setting, genre, and plot summary.
  4. Stanford Law Schoolhttps://law.stanford.edu/2012/11/01/lawandbiosciences-2012-11-01-biosci-fi-do-androids-dream-of-electric-sheep-philip-k-dick-1968/
    Supports: Theme of empathy as a defining human trait.
  5. EBSCOhttps://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/literature-and-writing/do-androids-dream-electric-sheep-philip-k-dick
    Supports: Plot overview and themes about humanity and exploitation.