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Elm tree

Elm trees are deciduous or semi-deciduous trees in the genus *Ulmus* of the family Ulmaceae, with about 35 species native mainly to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 27, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Elm trees are deciduous or semi-deciduous trees in the genus *Ulmus* of the family Ulmaceae, with about 35 species native mainly to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They are valued as shade and ornamental trees and for durable wood used in furniture and certain construction applications. Many elm populations have been severely affected by Dutch elm disease.

Classification and distribution

Elm trees are members of the genus *Ulmus* in the family Ulmaceae. They are native mainly to north temperate regions and are widespread across the Northern Hemisphere.

Physical characteristics

Most elm species are deciduous trees with toothed leaves and winged seeds called samaras. Many species have a tall form and broad canopy, which makes them distinctive landscape trees.

Uses

Elm trees have long been planted for shade and ornament. Their wood has been used for boats, furniture, and farm buildings because it is strong and durable, including in wet conditions.

Diseases and decline

Dutch elm disease has had a major impact on elm populations, especially in North America and Europe. The disease has killed large numbers of trees and remains the best-known threat to elms.

Key facts

  • Elms belong to the genus *Ulmus* in the elm family, Ulmaceae.
  • They are found mainly in temperate regions of North America, Europe, and Asia.
  • Elm trees are commonly planted as shade and ornamental trees.
  • Elm wood is valued for durability, including resistance to decay under water.
  • Dutch elm disease caused major losses of elm trees in North America and Europe.
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Canadian context

Elm trees are part of the Canadian landscape, especially in eastern and central Canada, where species such as American elm occur; Dutch elm disease has also affected Canadian urban and forest trees.

Frequently asked questions

What is an elm tree?
An elm tree is a tree in the genus *Ulmus*, part of the family Ulmaceae.
How many species of elm are there?
There are about 35 elm species, though counts vary slightly by source.
Where do elm trees grow?
They grow mainly in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, including North America, Europe, and Asia.
What are elm trees used for?
They are planted as shade and ornamental trees, and their wood is used for furniture, boats, and farm buildings.
What disease is associated with elm trees?
Dutch elm disease is the best-known disease affecting elms and has caused widespread tree loss.
What kind of fruit do elm trees produce?
Elm trees produce samaras, which are winged seeds.

References

  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica — https://www.britannica.com/plant/elm-tree
    Supports: Elm classification, approximate species count, native range, and uses of elm wood.
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica — https://www.britannica.com/plant/Ulmaceae
    Supports: Elm family placement and family-level context.
  3. USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station — https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/misc/ag_654/volume_2/ulmus/americana.htm
    Supports: American elm distribution in North America and susceptibility to Dutch elm disease.
  4. Britannica Kids — https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/elm/353097
    Supports: General elm characteristics, regions, leaves, samaras, uses, and Dutch elm disease overview.