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Francis Pegahmagabow

Francis Pegahmagabow (1889–1952) was an Ojibwe First Nations soldier, scout, sniper, and Indigenous rights activist from what is now Wasauksing First Nation in Ontario.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Francis Pegahmagabow (1889–1952) was an Ojibwe First Nations soldier, scout, sniper, and Indigenous rights activist from what is now Wasauksing First Nation in Ontario. He became one of the most highly decorated Indigenous soldiers in Canadian military history and later served as a community leader and advocate for First Nations rights. He was designated a National Historic Person in 2019.

Early life

Francis Pegahmagabow was born on the Parry Island Reserve, now part of Wasauksing First Nation, near Parry Sound, Ontario. He was an Ojibwe man. His exact birth date is uncertain, with sources indicating either 1889 or 1891.

Military service

Pegahmagabow enlisted in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during World War I. He served as a sniper and scout and was widely recognized for his bravery. He received the Military Medal with two bars for acts of bravery in Belgium and France, making him one of the most highly decorated Indigenous soldiers in Canadian military history.

Postwar activism

After the war, Pegahmagabow became active in Indigenous politics and community leadership. He served in band leadership roles and advocated for First Nations rights.

Recognition and legacy

Pegahmagabow is remembered as one of the most highly decorated Indigenous soldiers in Canadian history. Parks Canada designated him a National Historic Person in 2019. His life is frequently cited in Canadian remembrance and Indigenous history.

Key facts

  • He served in the First World War as a sniper and scout and was widely recognized for bravery.
  • He received the Military Medal with two bars, one of the highest honours awarded to Canadian soldiers in the war.
  • He is described by Canadian sources as one of the most decorated Indigenous soldiers in Canadian military history.
  • After the war, he became active in Indigenous politics and community leadership.
  • He was designated a National Historic Person in 2019.
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Canadian context

Pegahmagabow is an important figure in Canadian military and Indigenous history. His service in the Canadian Expeditionary Force and later advocacy for First Nations rights make him especially relevant to Canadian readers.

Frequently asked questions

Who was Francis Pegahmagabow?
He was an Ojibwe Canadian soldier, sniper, scout, and Indigenous rights activist who served in the First World War.
Why is Francis Pegahmagabow famous?
He is known as one of the most highly decorated Indigenous soldiers in Canadian military history and for his service as a highly effective sniper and scout.
What awards did he receive?
He received the Military Medal with two bars for bravery during the First World War.
Where was Francis Pegahmagabow from?
He was from the Parry Island area in Ontario, associated today with Wasauksing First Nation.
What did he do after the war?
He became involved in Indigenous political and community leadership and advocated for First Nations rights.
Was Francis Pegahmagabow recognized by the Canadian government?
Yes. Parks Canada designated him a National Historic Person in 2019.

References

  1. Veterans Affairs Canadahttps://www.veterans.gc.ca/en/remembrance/people-and-stories/francis-pegahmagabow
    Supports: Military Medal with two bars; Ojibwa from Parry Island Band; First World War service; one of Canada's most highly decorated Indigenous soldiers.
  2. Parks Canadahttps://parks.canada.ca/culture/designation/personnage-person/francis-pegahmagabow
    Supports: National Historic Person designation in 2019; historical importance; advocacy for Indigenous rights.
  3. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Pegahmagabow
    Supports: Biography overview; military reputation; decorated service.
  4. CBChttps://www.cbc.ca/2017/canadathestoryofus/the-deadliest-sniper-of-wwi-was-francis-pegahmagabow-an-ojibwa-soldier-1.4083644
    Supports: Birth in 1889 on Parry Island Indian Reserve; Ojibwa identity; wartime reputation.
  5. Ontario Heritage Trusthttps://www.ontarioheritagetrust.ca/fr/pages/programs/provincial-plaque-program/provincial-plaque-background-papers/chief-francis-pegahmagabow
    Supports: First World War service; band leadership roles; Indigenous activism; Ontario heritage context.