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Crime & Justice • Mobster

Frank Costello

Frank Costello (born Francesco Castiglia; 1891–1973) was an Italian-born American mobster who became a leading figure in organized crime in the United States.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Frank Costello (born Francesco Castiglia; 1891–1973) was an Italian-born American mobster who became a leading figure in organized crime in the United States. Associated with Lucky Luciano and the Luciano crime family, he was known for his political connections, influence in gambling and bootlegging, and later role as acting boss of the family.

Early life

Born in Italy as Francesco Castiglia, Costello immigrated to the United States as a child and grew up in New York City. He entered gang life at a young age.

Rise in organized crime

Costello built influence through bootlegging during Prohibition and developed close ties with Lucky Luciano and other leading gangsters. He became a major figure in the National Crime Syndicate.

Leadership and political influence

From 1937, Costello served as acting boss of the Luciano crime family. He was noted for cultivating political connections and using them to protect criminal enterprises.

Conflict with Vito Genovese

Costello became embroiled in a power struggle with Vito Genovese. After surviving an assassination attempt in 1957, he retired from active leadership.

Later life and death

In the 1950s, Costello was imprisoned for tax evasion. He lived the rest of his life in New York City and died in 1973.

Key facts

  • Frank Costello was an Italian-born American mobster and a key figure in the Luciano crime family.
  • He rose to prominence through bootlegging during Prohibition and close ties with Lucky Luciano.
  • Costello served as acting boss of the Luciano family from 1937 and was known for his political connections.
  • He survived an assassination attempt in 1957 ordered by Vito Genovese and then retired.
  • Costello was convicted of tax evasion in the 1950s and died of natural causes in 1973.
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Canadian context

Frank Costello is mainly relevant to Canadian readers as a key figure in the history of North American organized crime, Prohibition-era bootlegging, and Mafia politics that influenced criminal networks across the continent.

Frequently asked questions

Who was Frank Costello?
He was an Italian-American mobster and a major figure in U.S. organized crime, especially through his role in the Luciano crime family and the National Crime Syndicate.
What was Frank Costello’s birth name?
His birth name was Francesco Castiglia.
What was Frank Costello known for?
He was known for bootlegging, gambling interests, political connections, and influence within Mafia leadership structures.
Did Frank Costello lead a crime family?
He served as acting boss of the Luciano crime family from 1937 and was later identified with the Genovese family’s leadership history.
What happened to Frank Costello in 1957?
He survived an assassination attempt that was ordered by Vito Genovese and then retired from organized crime leadership.
When did Frank Costello die?
He died on February 18, 1973, in New York City.

References

  1. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Costello
    Supports: Birth in Italy, youth gang activity, bootlegging with Lucky Luciano, National Crime Syndicate involvement, acting boss role, tax evasion imprisonment, retirement after Genovese-ordered assassination attempt.
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/biography/Frank-Costello
    Supports: Identity, birth and death dates, major American syndicate gangster status, association with Lucky Luciano, political influence.
  3. The Mob Museumhttps://themobmuseum.org/notable_names/frank-costello/
    Supports: Birth name, nickname, immigration to the United States, associations, influence in national Mafia leadership, death.
  4. EBSCO Research Startershttps://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/frank-costello
    Supports: Immigration, rise in organized crime, bootlegging during Prohibition, political connections, gambling focus.