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Frigatebird

Frigatebirds are a family of large tropical seabirds in the family Fregatidae.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Frigatebirds are a family of large tropical seabirds in the family Fregatidae. They are known for very long wings, deeply forked tails, aerial soaring, and males’ inflatable red throat pouches during breeding. Five living species are recognised, and they occur across tropical and subtropical oceans.

Taxonomy and species

Frigatebirds belong to the family Fregatidae and are represented by five extant species. They are generally placed in the order Pelecaniformes or Suliformes depending on the classification system used.

Physical characteristics

These birds are large, slender seabirds with long pointed wings, a long hooked bill, and a deeply forked tail. Their body shape gives them one of the highest wing area-to-body mass ratios among birds.

Behaviour and feeding

Frigatebirds spend much of the day in flight, soaring for long periods on wind currents. They feed on fish and other marine animals and may steal food from other seabirds or take prey near the water surface.

Breeding

They nest in colonies, usually on remote tropical islands or coastal mangroves. Males inflate a bright red gular pouch to attract females during the breeding season.

Distribution and conservation

Frigatebirds occur across tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide. Some species have restricted ranges, and conservation status varies from species to species, with at least one listed as critically endangered.

Key facts

  • Frigatebirds are a family of seabirds, not a single species.
  • They have long, narrow wings and a deeply forked tail adapted for soaring.
  • Males of many species have a red throat pouch used in courtship.
  • They are found in tropical and subtropical marine regions.
  • Breeding usually occurs on remote islands or mangrove coasts.
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Canadian context

Frigatebirds are not regular breeding birds in Canada, but rare vagrants have been reported as far north as Nova Scotia.

Frequently asked questions

What is a frigatebird?
A frigatebird is a large tropical seabird in the family Fregatidae, known for soaring flight and a forked tail.
How many species of frigatebird are there?
There are five living species of frigatebird.
Why do male frigatebirds inflate a red pouch?
Males inflate a red gular pouch during courtship to attract females.
Where do frigatebirds live?
They live in tropical and subtropical oceans, including coastal waters and oceanic islands.
What do frigatebirds eat?
They mainly eat fish and squid, but also other marine prey and sometimes steal food from other birds.
What is the largest frigatebird species?
The magnificent frigatebird is the largest species.

References

  1. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/frigate-bird
    Supports: Family placement, number of species, wingspan, and general physical description.
  2. Animal Diversity Webhttps://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Fregatidae/
    Supports: Five species, pantropical distribution, habitat, breeding sites, diet, and conservation notes.
  3. Cornell Lab of Ornithologyhttps://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Magnificent_Frigatebird/overview
    Supports: Family/order placement, soaring behaviour, kleptoparasitism, and male red throat pouch.
  4. Britannica Kidshttps://kids.britannica.com/students/article/frigate-bird/274438
    Supports: Five species, tropical distribution, nesting colonies, long wings, forked tail, and rare Canadian occurrence.