Galápagos tortoise

The Galápagos tortoise is a group of giant tortoises native to the Galápagos Islands in Ecuador.

The Galápagos tortoise is a group of giant tortoises native to the Galápagos Islands in Ecuador. It is the largest living species of tortoise and is known for its long lifespan, herbivorous diet, and evolutionary significance. The group is represented by multiple living species within the genus Chelonoidis.

Taxonomy and naming

The Galápagos tortoise is usually treated as a species complex within the genus Chelonoidis, with several living island forms. Sources differ on whether to describe the group as species or subspecies, but all refer to the giant tortoises native to the Galápagos.

Description

These tortoises are exceptionally large, with some individuals reaching about 1.8 metres in length and weighing more than 250 kilograms. They are also notable for slow growth, a low metabolism, and lifespans that can exceed 100 years.

Distribution and habitat

Galápagos tortoises occur only on the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean. Different island populations are adapted to different local environments and vegetation.

Diet and behaviour

Galápagos tortoises are herbivores that graze on grasses, leaves, cactus pads, and other plant material. They can survive long periods without food or water by storing water and using their slow metabolism.

Conservation

The tortoises were heavily reduced by hunting, habitat change, and introduced species such as rats, pigs, goats, cats, and dogs. Conservation breeding and habitat management have improved some populations, but the group remains under conservation concern.