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Gerald Ford

Gerald Ford was the 38th president of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977 after the resignation of Richard Nixon.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Gerald Ford was the 38th president of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977 after the resignation of Richard Nixon. He was previously the 40th vice president and had served in the U.S. House of Representatives for Michigan for 25 years. Ford is the only person to become U.S. president without being elected either president or vice president.

Early life and education

Gerald Ford was born in Omaha, Nebraska, and raised in Grand Rapids, Michigan after his parents separated. He attended the University of Michigan, played football there, and later graduated from Yale Law School after working as a coach at Yale.

Political career before the presidency

Ford was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1948 and represented Michigan until 1973. He also served as House minority leader from 1965 to 1973.

Vice presidency and presidency

Ford became vice president under the Twenty-Fifth Amendment after Agnew resigned, then assumed the presidency when Nixon resigned in 1974. His inauguration speech included the widely cited line, “Our long national nightmare is over.”

Presidency and major actions

Ford’s presidency focused on inflation, economic weakness, energy shortages, and restoring public confidence after Watergate. His most debated act was the pardon of Richard Nixon, along with his amnesty policy for some Vietnam War draft evaders and deserters.

Later life and legacy

Ford left office in January 1977 after losing the 1976 election to Jimmy Carter. He died in 2006 at the age of 93.

Key facts

  • Ford became president on August 9, 1974, after Richard Nixon resigned amid the Watergate scandal.
  • He had been appointed vice president in 1973 after Spiro Agnew resigned.
  • He served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1949 to 1973 and was reelected twelve times.
  • As president, Ford granted a controversial pardon to Richard Nixon on September 8, 1974.
  • He announced a conditional amnesty program for draft evaders and deserters from the Vietnam War.
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Canadian context

Ford’s presidency mattered to Canada because U.S. political stability, the post-Watergate environment, and Cold War policy directly affected Canadian diplomacy, trade, and North American relations during the mid-1970s.

Frequently asked questions

Why is Gerald Ford historically notable?
He is the only U.S. president to have held the office without ever being elected president or vice president.
How did Gerald Ford become president?
He became president on August 9, 1974, after Richard Nixon resigned amid the Watergate scandal.
Did Gerald Ford serve in the military?
Yes. He served in the United States Navy during World War II and reached the rank of lieutenant commander.
What was Gerald Ford known for as president?
He is especially known for pardoning Richard Nixon and for trying to stabilize the U.S. economy and government after Watergate.
Did Gerald Ford run for election as president?
Yes. He ran for president in 1976 but lost to Jimmy Carter.

References

  1. Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library & Museumhttps://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/the-fords/gerald-ford/biography
    Supports: House service dates, oath of office, and basic presidential biography
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/biography/Gerald-Ford
    Supports: Birth and death dates, presidency dates, vice presidency, Navy service, Nixon pardon, Vietnam amnesty
  3. Library of Congresshttps://guides.loc.gov/gerald-ford
    Supports: Early life, education, Navy service, House service, minority leader role, vice presidency, presidency
  4. White House Historical Associationhttps://www.whitehousehistory.org/bios/gerald-ford
    Supports: Inauguration context, presidency after Nixon, policy priorities, death date
  5. Miller Center, University of Virginiahttps://millercenter.org/president/ford
    Supports: Presidency dates, Watergate context, assessment of domestic and international challenges