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Science & Nature • Marine Biology

Giant Pacific Octopus

The giant Pacific octopus (*Enteroctopus dofleini*) is the largest species of octopus in the world.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

The giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) is the largest species of octopus in the world. It lives in cold North Pacific waters and is known for its intelligence, size, and ability to inhabit both shallow coastal areas and deep water. Along Canada's Pacific coast, including British Columbia, it is a familiar species in the Salish Sea and other coastal marine ecosystems.

Description

The giant Pacific octopus is a large cephalopod with eight arms, a soft body, and strong camouflage abilities. Sources describe it as highly intelligent and capable of learning tasks such as opening jars and solving puzzles.

Distribution and habitat

This species lives in temperate and cold waters of the North Pacific, from Japan and Korea across to North America. It occurs from shallow intertidal habitats to deep water, including rocky reefs, tide pools, and sheltered dens.

Size and lifespan

The species is the largest octopus in the world, with average adults often around 9.75 to 16 feet in arm span and 22 to 110 pounds, though much larger specimens have been recorded. Its lifespan is short compared with many animals, usually about three to five years.

Behaviour and diet

Giant Pacific octopuses are solitary predators that feed on fish and various invertebrates such as crabs, shrimp, clams, scallops, lobsters, and abalone. They are strong, flexible hunters and use dens for shelter and protection.

Key facts

  • It is the largest octopus species in the world.
  • It is found across much of the coastal North Pacific, including Canadian waters off British Columbia.
  • It is known for problem-solving and other advanced behaviours.
  • Adults are usually reddish-pink to reddish-brown, often with lighter underside coloration.
  • Its typical lifespan is about 3 to 5 years.
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Canadian context

The giant Pacific octopus is found along Canada’s Pacific coast, including British Columbia, and is a familiar species in the Salish Sea and other coastal marine ecosystems.

Frequently asked questions

How big is a giant Pacific octopus?
Adults are commonly about 9.75 to 16 feet across and 22 to 110 pounds, though exceptional individuals can be much larger.
Where does the giant Pacific octopus live?
It lives in the North Pacific Ocean, including coastal waters off Canada, the United States, Mexico, Japan, Korea, and parts of Russia.
How long does it live?
Its typical lifespan is about 3 to 5 years.
What does it eat?
It eats fish and invertebrates such as crabs, shrimp, clams, scallops, lobsters, and abalone.
Is it intelligent?
Yes. Aquariums and educational sources describe it as highly intelligent and capable of learning complex tasks.
Is the species endangered?
It is generally listed as Least Concern in some sources, while others note it has not been formally evaluated.

References

  1. World Wildlife Fund Canadahttps://wwf.ca/stories/eight-little-facts-about-the-giant-pacific-octopus/
    Supports: Largest octopus species in the world
  2. Monterey Bay Aquariumhttps://www.montereybayaquarium.org/animals-the-ocean/animals-a-to-z/giant-pacific-octopus
    Supports: Scientific name, intelligence, color, habitat depth, and North Pacific range
  3. National Geographichttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/facts/giant-pacific-octopus
    Supports: Scientific name, size, lifespan, and conservation status
  4. Alaska Department of Fish and Gamehttps://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=giantpacificoctopus.printerfriendly
    Supports: North Pacific range and depth distribution
  5. Ocean Conservancyhttps://oceanconservancy.org/wildlife-library/giant-pacific-octopus/
    Supports: Habitat, diet, lifespan, and cephalopod classification
  6. SeaDoc Societyhttps://www.sea-docsociety.org/giant-pacific-octopus-facts
    Supports: Pacific Rim distribution and Salish Sea presence