The Canadian Encyclopedia — neutral, cited, updated
July 26, 2026Sources cited
Canadianwire.
Canada’s encyclopedia & explainer
HomeCulture & LifestyleFoodGovernment cheese
Culture & Lifestyle • Food

Government cheese

Government cheese is a U.S.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Government cheese is a U.S. term for processed cheese distributed through federal food assistance programs and, historically, for surplus cheese bought and stored by the government to support dairy prices. The phrase is also used more broadly in American slang and popular culture to refer to low-cost or government-issued food aid.

Definition

Government cheese refers to processed cheese connected to U.S. federal food programs and dairy price supports. In common usage, it usually means the surplus cheese distributed to people in need during the late 20th century.

History

Government cheese originally referred to cheese purchased and stored by the U.S. government as part of dairy price-support policy. The federal government began buying dairy products to stabilize farm incomes during and after World War II, creating stockpiles of cheese. Large distributions became especially visible in the 1980s, when surplus cheese was released through food aid programs.

Product and composition

The cheese is generally described as pasteurized process American cheese made from blended cheeses such as cheddar, Colby, cheese curd, or granular cheese, with emulsifiers added for meltability and texture.

Cultural meaning

Beyond its literal use, government cheese became a recognisable American cultural symbol associated with poverty, public assistance, and 1980s politics. It appears in jokes, songs, and broader commentary on welfare and food policy. The phrase has become a cultural shorthand in the United States for public assistance and surplus government food programs.

Key facts

  • The term originally referred to cheese purchased and stored by the U.S. government as part of dairy price-support policy.
  • Government cheese was later distributed through food assistance channels, including welfare programs, food banks, churches, and senior nutrition programs.
  • The product is typically a processed cheese, often described as pasteurized process American cheese.
  • The cheese was widely associated with the 1980s, when large federal stockpiles were released into aid distribution.
  • The phrase has become a cultural shorthand in the United States for public assistance and surplus government food programs.
🍁
Canadian context

Canadian readers may know the term mainly through U.S. history, food policy, and pop culture; Canada has had its own food-aid and dairy-supply management systems, but 'government cheese' is specifically an American term.

Frequently asked questions

What is government cheese?
It is processed cheese associated with U.S. government food aid and dairy price-support stockpiles.
Who received government cheese?
It was distributed to welfare recipients, food stamp recipients, seniors, food banks, and churches.
Why did the government have so much cheese?
Federal dairy programs bought surplus dairy products to support milk prices and farm incomes, creating large stored inventories.
Is government cheese still distributed?
Yes, limited versions of commodity cheese still appear in USDA food programs such as the CSFP for eligible seniors.
What kind of cheese was it?
It was usually a processed cheese product, commonly described as pasteurized process American cheese.
Why is it culturally famous?
It became a widely remembered symbol of U.S. food assistance and surplus agricultural policy, especially in the 1980s.

References

  1. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_cheese
    Supports: Definition, recipients, historical context, product description, and current CSFP mention
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/topic/government-cheese
    Supports: Commodity cheese stored and distributed by the U.S. government to manage dairy prices and provide food aid
  3. Historyhttps://www.history.com/articles/government-cheese-dairy-farmers-reagan
    Supports: Origins in U.S. agricultural policy and federal cheese stockpiling
  4. NPRhttps://www.npr.org/2021/05/21/999144678/big-government-cheese-classic
    Supports: 1980s stockpiles, redistribution, and cultural significance
  5. Wiktionaryhttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/government_cheese
    Supports: Historical and slang senses of the term