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Science & Nature • Primatology

Great apes

Great apes are the primates in the family Hominidae.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Great apes, also known as hominids, are the primates in the family Hominidae. They include orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans, and are distinguished from lesser apes by their larger bodies and lack of tails.

Classification

Great apes belong to the primate family Hominidae within the order Primates. Modern classifications recognize eight living species across four genera, including humans.

Members

The living great apes are orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans. These animals are grouped together because of shared anatomical and evolutionary traits.

Characteristics

Great apes are known for relatively large bodies, large brains, and the absence of tails. They are also noted for complex cognition and social behaviour.

Distribution and habitat

Non-human great apes are native to tropical forests in Africa and Southeast Asia. Orangutans occur in Borneo and Sumatra, while gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos are found in Africa.

Conservation

Many great ape populations are threatened by habitat loss, hunting, and other human pressures. Several species are listed as endangered or critically endangered.

Key facts

  • Great apes are a family of primates called Hominidae.
  • They include four living genera: Pongo, Gorilla, Pan, and Homo.
  • The living great ape species include orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans.
  • Great apes are generally larger-bodied than lesser apes and lack tails.
  • All non-human great apes live in Africa or Southeast Asia.
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Canadian context

Canada has no native great ape species, but great apes are relevant to Canadian readers through wildlife conservation, zoo care, primatology research, and global biodiversity policy.

Frequently asked questions

What are great apes?
Great apes are the primates in the family Hominidae, including orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans.
How many living species of great apes are there?
There are eight living species of great apes in four genera.
Are humans great apes?
Yes. Humans belong to the genus Homo within the family Hominidae, which makes them great apes.
What is the difference between great apes and lesser apes?
Great apes are generally larger and include humans, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos; lesser apes are the gibbons and siamangs.
Where do great apes live?
Non-human great apes live in tropical regions of Africa and Southeast Asia, especially forests.
Are great apes endangered?
Many great ape species are threatened, and several are classified as endangered or critically endangered.

References

  1. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Apes
    Supports: Great apes as the family Hominidae; four living genera and eight living species.
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/great-ape
    Supports: Great apes include orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos; distinction from lesser apes.
  3. Encyclopedia.comhttps://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/hominidae-i-great-apes
    Supports: Classification, habitat, size, and conservation status overview for great apes.
  4. Merriam-Websterhttps://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/great%20ape
    Supports: Definition of great ape as primates in Hominidae including orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos.
  5. NCBI Bookshelfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK232185/
    Supports: Taxonomic placement of apes in Hominoidea and Hominidae; discussion of alternative classifications.