Great Fire of London

The Great Fire of London was a major urban fire that burned through the City of London from 2 to 5 September 1666.

The Great Fire of London was a major urban conflagration that burned through the City of London from 2 to 5 September 1666. It destroyed much of the medieval city, including thousands of homes, many churches, and key civic buildings. The disaster led to major rebuilding and urban planning changes.

Background

In 1666, London contained many densely packed wooden buildings, making the city highly vulnerable to fire. Dry weather and narrow streets helped the flames spread rapidly once the blaze began.

The fire

The fire started in a bakery on Pudding Lane and spread across the City of London over several days. Strong winds and combustible building materials allowed it to destroy much of the urban core.

Damage and casualties

The fire destroyed thousands of homes, many churches, and major civic buildings, including old St Paul's Cathedral. Official deaths were few, but the destruction left tens of thousands homeless.

Aftermath and rebuilding

The fire prompted major rebuilding in London, including new approaches to street layout and construction. The post-fire city was associated with stronger use of brick and stone and new architectural planning.

Historical significance

The Great Fire is one of the most important events in London’s history because it reshaped the city physically and administratively. It is often seen as a turning point between medieval and early modern London.