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Hickory

Hickory is the common name for deciduous trees in the genus Carya, part of the walnut family Juglandaceae.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Hickory is the common name for deciduous trees in the genus Carya, part of the walnut family Juglandaceae. Hickories are timber and nut-producing trees, with about 18–19 recognised species native mainly to North America and East Asia.

Taxonomy

Hickories are the genus Carya in the walnut family Juglandaceae. Modern sources differ slightly on the number of accepted species, but commonly report about 18 or 19 species.

Distribution

Most hickory species are native to North America, while others occur in eastern Asia. Fossil remains indicate the genus once had a wider historical distribution across parts of the Northern Hemisphere.

Characteristics

Hickories are deciduous trees with pinnately compound leaves, small catkin flowers, and large nuts enclosed in a fleshy husk. Many species are known for strong, tough wood and for shaggy or peeling bark.

Uses

Hickories are grown and used for timber, ornamental planting, and edible nuts. Some species are especially valued for their dense wood and their role in nut production.

Key facts

  • Hickories belong to the walnut family Juglandaceae and are classified in the genus Carya.
  • They are deciduous hardwood trees valued for timber and, in several species, edible nuts.
  • About 15 species are native to North America, with the remainder native to eastern Asia.
  • Fossil evidence of the genus has been found in western North America, Greenland, Iceland, and Europe.
  • Hickory leaves are pinnately compound, and the fruits are hard-shelled nuts enclosed in a husk that splits at maturity.
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Canadian context

Some hickory species extend into Canada, and hickories are part of eastern North American forests and woodlands relevant to Canadian ecology and forestry.

Frequently asked questions

What is a hickory tree?
A hickory is a deciduous tree in the genus Carya of the walnut family Juglandaceae.
How many species of hickory are there?
Sources commonly describe about 18 or 19 species, depending on the taxonomy used.
Where do hickories grow naturally?
Hickories are native mainly to North America and eastern Asia.
Do hickories produce edible nuts?
Yes. Several hickory species produce edible nuts, and the trees are also grown for their timber.
What family do hickories belong to?
Hickories belong to the walnut family, Juglandaceae.

References

  1. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/plant/hickory-plant
    Supports: Genus Carya; approximate species count; native range; fossil distribution.
  2. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hickory
    Supports: Species count used by Plants of the World Online; geographic distribution; uses.
  3. New World Encyclopediahttps://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Hickory
    Supports: General description of morphology; family; nuts; leaves.
  4. Merriam-Websterhttps://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hickory
    Supports: Definition of hickory as genus Carya and wood use.
  5. Encyclopedia.comhttps://www.encyclopedia.com/plants-and-animals/plants/plants/hickory-city
    Supports: General tree description; family; timber and nut uses.