Holy basil

Holy basil is the common name for *Ocimum tenuiflorum*, an aromatic plant in the mint family (Lamiaceae) native to the Indian subcontinent and widely grown across tropical Asia.

Holy basil is the common name for *Ocimum tenuiflorum*, an aromatic plant in the mint family (Lamiaceae) native to the Indian subcontinent and widely grown across tropical Asia. It is used as a culinary herb, in Ayurvedic and folk medicine, and is considered sacred in Hinduism. The plant is strongly aromatic with clove-, mint-, and basil-like notes and a peppery or spicy taste.

Taxonomy and naming

Holy basil is usually identified as *Ocimum tenuiflorum*, with *Ocimum sanctum* used as a synonym in many sources. Common names include holy basil, tulsi, and tulasi.

Description

The plant is an aromatic herb or subshrub with hairy stems, opposite leaves, and small purplish flowers arranged in whorls. Descriptions note green or purple foliage and a characteristic spicy fragrance.

Distribution and cultivation

Holy basil is native to the Indian subcontinent and tropical South Asia, and it is now cultivated or naturalized in many tropical regions worldwide. It is often grown in home gardens and temple settings. In some places outside its native range, it is treated as an agricultural weed or invasive plant.

Uses

Holy basil is used as a culinary herb, especially in Southeast Asian cooking, and is also widely used in traditional medicine. It is commonly prepared as herbal tea. Sources also note its use as an insect repellent and in other household practices.

Cultural significance

The plant is sacred in Hindu tradition and is commonly associated with worship and festivals. Tulsi is treated as an important religious and cultural plant in South Asian communities.