Housefly

The housefly (*Musca domestica*) is a common fly of the family Muscidae and one of the most widespread insects associated with human habitation.

The housefly (*Musca domestica*) is a common fly of the family Muscidae and one of the most widespread insects associated with human habitation. It is found worldwide, develops through complete metamorphosis, and is widely regarded as a pest because it can contaminate food and spread disease-causing organisms.

Description

The housefly is a small, greyish-brown fly with a robust body, a single pair of wings, and four dark stripes on the thorax. It is a cosmopolitan species closely linked to human settlements.

Life cycle and behaviour

Houseflies develop through egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages. Adults typically live only a few weeks, feed on liquids or liquefied food, and are often found near organic waste. They do not bite or sting.

Ecological and public-health importance

Houseflies are considered pests because they can mechanically transfer pathogens on their bodies, saliva, and feces. They are associated with food contamination and the spread of food-borne illness.

Distribution and habitat

The species is widely distributed across the world and is especially abundant where people, livestock, garbage, or manure provide suitable breeding conditions. It is strongly synanthropic, meaning it lives alongside humans. In Canada, houseflies are a familiar nuisance and hygiene concern in homes, farms, compost areas, and livestock operations.