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Humuhumunukunukuapua'a

Humuhumunukunukuapua'a is the Hawaiian name commonly used for the reef triggerfish, a reef-dwelling marine fish with the scientific name *Rhinecanthus rectangulus*.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Humuhumunukunukuapua'a is the Hawaiian name commonly used for the reef triggerfish, a reef-dwelling marine fish with the scientific name *Rhinecanthus rectangulus*. It is the official state fish of Hawaiʻi and is known for its very long name, which is usually translated as “triggerfish with a snout like a pig.” The fish is found on shallow coral reefs and reef flats in the tropical Indo-Pacific, including Hawaiian waters.

Name and meaning

Humuhumunukunukuapua'a is the Hawaiian name associated with the reef triggerfish. Sources commonly gloss the name as “triggerfish with a snout like a pig,” and it is also shortened to humuhumu.

Description

The species is a triggerfish in the family Balistidae, known for its angular body, strong jaws, and reef-fish colouring. It is described as a small marine fish, usually around 10 to 12 inches long in popular references.

Habitat and range

This fish is found on shallow coral reefs and reef flats in tropical Indo-Pacific waters. Sources also place it in Hawaiian reef environments and other Pacific reef systems.

State symbol of Hawaiʻi

The reef triggerfish was designated Hawaiʻi’s official state fish, and several sources note its formal recognition as a state symbol. Different references mention the fish’s earlier temporary status before permanent designation.

Key facts

  • The fish is most widely identified as the reef triggerfish, *Rhinecanthus rectangulus*.
  • It lives in shallow reef habitats in the tropical Indo-Pacific, including Hawaiian waters.
  • Its Hawaiian name is commonly translated as “triggerfish with a snout like a pig.”
  • It is the official state fish of Hawaiʻi.
  • The name is often shortened to “humuhumu.”

Frequently asked questions

What fish is humuhumunukunukuapua'a?
It is the Hawaiian name commonly used for the reef triggerfish, *Rhinecanthus rectangulus*.
What does the name mean?
It is commonly translated as “triggerfish with a snout like a pig.”
Where does it live?
It lives on shallow coral reefs and reef flats in the tropical Indo-Pacific, including Hawaiian waters.
Is it Hawaiʻi’s state fish?
Yes. It is the official state fish of Hawaiʻi.
Is humuhumunukunukuapua'a the only fish with that name?
Some sources note that the name may also be applied to another triggerfish species, so usage can vary.
What family does it belong to?
It belongs to the triggerfish family, Balistidae.

References

  1. YouTubehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-3gZZvjkFw
    Supports: States that the humuhumunukunukuapua'a is the reef triggerfish and the state fish of Hawaii, and notes its shallow reef habitat in the tropical Indo-Pacific.
  2. When In Your Statehttps://wheninyourstate.com/hawaii/state-fish-of-hawaii/
    Supports: Provides the common translation of the name as “triggerfish with a snout like a pig.”
  3. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humuhumunukunukuapua'a
    Supports: Identifies the species as reef triggerfish (*Rhinecanthus rectangulus*), gives the meaning of the Hawaiian name, lists alternate common names, and describes its range and habitat.
  4. Waikiki Aquariumhttps://www.waikikiaquarium.org/experience/animal-guide/fishes/triggerfishes/reef-riggerfish/
    Supports: Identifies the reef triggerfish as *Rhinecanthus rectangulus* and a well-recognized Hawaiian fish.
  5. Mote Marine Laboratory & Aquariumhttps://mote.org/animal-encyclopedia/humu-humu-nuku-nuku-a-puaa/
    Supports: Gives size, habitat, feeding notes, and physical description for the fish.
  6. Hawaii Guidehttps://www.hawaii-guide.com/hawaii-state-fish
    Supports: States that the fish is Hawaiʻi’s official state fish and discusses its designation history.
  7. Maui Ocean Centerhttps://mauioceancenter.com/marine-life/reef-triggerfish/
    Supports: Describes the reef triggerfish as Hawaiʻi’s state fish, provides the scientific name, and notes its reef role and name meaning.
  8. State Symbols USAhttps://statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/hawaii/state-fish-aquatic-life/humuhumunukunukuapuaa
    Supports: States that the fish was designated Hawaiʻi’s official state fish on a trial basis in 1985 and gives alternate common names.