Indian Paintbrush

Indian paintbrush is a common name for plants in the genus Castilleja, a group of mostly herbaceous wildflowers known for brightly coloured bracts that resemble paintbrushes.

Indian paintbrush is a common name for plants in the genus Castilleja, a group of mostly herbaceous wildflowers known for brightly coloured bracts that resemble paintbrushes. In North America, the name is often used for species such as Castilleja coccinea in the east and Castilleja linariaefolia, the state flower of Wyoming, in the west. Many species are partial root parasites, drawing some water and nutrients from nearby plants.

Taxonomy and naming

Indian paintbrush refers to species in the genus Castilleja. The plants have also been called painted cup because of their colourful bracts, and the genus is now placed in the broomrape family, Orobanchaceae.

Appearance

These wildflowers are recognized by upright stems topped with vivid bracts in red, orange, yellow, or related colours. The true flowers are typically small and less conspicuous, hidden among the bracts.

Ecology and habitat

Indian paintbrush species grow in habitats such as prairies, meadows, open woods, hills, and dry or moist grasslands depending on species. They are hemiparasitic, meaning they obtain some resources from host plants while still photosynthesizing.

Distribution

Different species are native to different parts of North America. Castilleja coccinea is found in eastern and central North America, including Canada, while other species such as Castilleja linariaefolia are associated with western North America.