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ISO 8601

ISO 8601 is an international standard for representing dates and times in a clear, unambiguous numerical format.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

ISO 8601 is an international standard for representing dates and times in a clear, unambiguous numerical format. It is used in data exchange to reduce confusion caused by regional differences in date ordering, time zones, and notation. The standard is designed to reduce ambiguity in international communication and machine-readable data exchange.

Purpose and scope

ISO 8601 provides a standardized numeric representation of dates and times for information interchange. It is intended to prevent misunderstandings that can arise from differing regional date conventions and time-zone practices. The standard covers Gregorian calendar dates, 24-hour times, UTC offsets, intervals, and recurring intervals.

Format structure

The standard uses a prescribed component order, beginning with year and followed by month and day for dates, and hour, minute, second, and fractional seconds for times. It also defines formats for calendar, ordinal, and week-based dates. Common examples include a date such as 2022-09-27 and a date-time such as 2022-09-27 18:00:00.000.

Revisions and editions

ISO 8601 was first published in 1988 and has been revised several times. Sources identify later versions including 2004 and the ISO 8601-1:2019 split, with a 2022 amendment noted in secondary sources.

Uses in computing

ISO 8601 is widely used in software systems, APIs, databases, and protocols because it is machine-readable and reduces locale-dependent ambiguity. It is often recommended for plain-text data interchange.

Key facts

  • ISO 8601 defines a numeric way to write dates and times that is intended to be globally understood.
  • The standard orders date components as year, month, day, and time components as hour, minute, second, and fractional second.
  • It covers calendar dates, ordinal dates, week dates, local time, UTC time, time offsets, time intervals, and recurring time intervals.
  • ISO 8601 has been updated over time, with revisions noted in 1991, 2000, 2004, 2019, and an amendment in 2022.
  • Common examples include a date such as 2022-09-27 and a date-time such as 2022-09-27 18:00:00.000.
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Canadian context

ISO 8601 is relevant to Canadian readers because it is widely used in Canadian government and software contexts for machine-readable dates and times; Canadian English usage often benefits from a standard that avoids day-month versus month-day ambiguity.[11]

Frequently asked questions

What is ISO 8601?
ISO 8601 is an international standard for writing dates and times in a numerical format that is intended to be unambiguous and internationally understandable.
What is the basic date format in ISO 8601?
The common date order is year-month-day, written as YYYY-MM-DD.
What does ISO 8601 cover besides calendar dates?
It also covers times of day, UTC and local time with offsets, time intervals, recurring intervals, ordinal dates, and week dates.
When was ISO 8601 first published?
It was first published in 1988.
Is ISO 8601 used in computing?
Yes. It is commonly used in software, APIs, databases, and file formats because it is machine-readable and reduces ambiguity.

References

  1. ISOhttps://www.iso.org/iso-8601-date-and-time-format.html
    Supports: Official overview of ISO 8601 purpose, date order, and covered representations.
  2. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601
    Supports: Summary of publication history, scope, and revisions of the standard.
  3. ISOhttps://www.iso.org/standard/40874.html
    Supports: ISO 8601:2004 scope, including calendar, ordinal, and week dates; time intervals and recurring intervals.
  4. NASA FITShttps://fits.gsfc.nasa.gov/iso-time.html
    Supports: Explanation of numeric date/time notation and its role in avoiding confusion in communication and computing.
  5. UK Governmenthttps://www.gov.uk/government/publications/open-standards-for-government/date-times-and-time-stamps-standard
    Supports: Use of ISO 8601 for machine-readable dates and times in government systems.