Japanese macaque

The Japanese macaque (*Macaca fuscata*), also called the snow monkey, is a species of Old World monkey native to Japan.

The Japanese macaque (*Macaca fuscata*), also called the snow monkey, is a species of Old World monkey native to Japan. It is known for living farther north than any other non-human primate and for its adaptations to cold climates, including thick fur and, in some populations, use of hot springs.

Taxonomy and naming

The Japanese macaque is a macaque species in the monkey family Cercopithecidae. It is widely known as the snow monkey because it lives in snowy, cold regions of Japan.

Distribution and habitat

This species is native to Japan and is found on three of the four main islands: Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, plus several smaller islands. It is the most northerly living non-human primate. It lives in forests and can range from lowlands to mountainous areas.

Behaviour and ecology

Japanese macaques live in social troops and are primarily terrestrial, though they also use trees. They are omnivorous, eating a varied diet that includes plant matter, seeds, fruits, insects, eggs, and occasionally small animals. They have pinkish-red faces and rumps, with thick fur and a short tail. Some populations are noted for seasonal behaviours such as moving to lower elevations in winter and using hot springs to stay warm.

Conservation

The species is commonly treated as Least Concern, with a large total wild population estimated at around 100,000 or more. However, local pressures such as habitat change and conflict with agriculture are noted in some sources.