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Lake of the Woods

Lake of the Woods is a large freshwater lake on the Canada–United States border, shared by Ontario and Manitoba in Canada and Minnesota in the United States.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Lake of the Woods is a large freshwater lake on the Canada–United States border, shared by Ontario and Manitoba in Canada and Minnesota in the United States. It is a major Canadian freshwater resource, with most of its area in Ontario and a smaller portion in Manitoba. The lake is known for its many islands, long shoreline, and importance as a fishery, tourism area, and part of the Lake Winnipeg drainage basin.

Geography

Lake of the Woods is a shallow, irregularly shaped lake occupying parts of Ontario, Manitoba, and Minnesota. It is a remnant of glacial Lake Agassiz and is notable for its many islands and extensive shoreline. The lake has more than 14,500 islands and an exceptionally irregular shoreline, with a total shoreline length over 100,000 km.

Hydrology

The lake is fed mainly by the Rainy River, its largest tributary, and drains northwest through the Winnipeg River into Lake Winnipeg. This makes it part of the larger Lake Winnipeg drainage basin and the broader Arctic watershed.

Uses and significance

Lake of the Woods is an important natural and economic resource, supporting fishing, tourism, and recreation. It also has cultural significance for Indigenous Peoples in the basin and serves as a drinking water source for nearby communities. The lake is economically important for northwestern Ontario and is part of a shared Canada–U.S. water system.

History

The lake was visited by French explorer Jacques de Noyon in 1688 and later became an important fur-trading route between the Great Lakes and western Canada. Its strategic and economic role continued into the modern period.

Key facts

  • Lake of the Woods straddles the Canada–U.S. border, with most of its area in Ontario.
  • It has more than 14,500 islands and an extensive shoreline over 100,000 km.
  • The lake is part of the Lake Winnipeg drainage basin and the Arctic watershed.
  • It is economically important for fishing, tourism, and recreation in northwestern Ontario.
  • The lake has historical significance as a fur-trading route and cultural importance for Indigenous Peoples.
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Canadian context

Lake of the Woods is a major Canadian freshwater resource, with most of its area in Ontario and a smaller portion in Manitoba. It is economically important for northwestern Ontario and is part of a shared Canada–U.S. water system.

Frequently asked questions

Where is Lake of the Woods located?
It lies in Ontario and Manitoba in Canada and Minnesota in the United States.
How big is Lake of the Woods?
It covers about 4,472 km² and extends more than 110 km in both length and width.
How many islands does it have?
It has more than 14,500 islands.
What river drains Lake of the Woods?
It drains northwest through the Winnipeg River into Lake Winnipeg.
Why is Lake of the Woods important?
It supports fisheries, tourism, recreation, and regional water use, and it has cultural importance for Indigenous communities.

References

  1. The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/lake-of-the-woods
    Supports: Area, Canadian share, elevation, hydrology, and origin as a remnant of glacial Lake Agassiz.
  2. Government of Canadahttps://www.canada.ca/en/canada-water-agency/freshwater-ecosystem-initiatives/lake-of-the-woods/lake-of-the-woods-overview.html
    Supports: Border location, ecological and economic importance, and cultural significance.
  3. Government of Ontariohttps://www.ontario.ca/page/lake-woods
    Supports: Shared international freshwater system, shoreline, inflow, drainage, Ontario share, and resource importance.
  4. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-of-the-Woods
    Supports: Boundary location, dimensions, islands, shoreline, drainage, and historical context.