The Canadian Encyclopedia — neutral, cited, updated
July 27, 2026Sources cited
Canadianwire.
Canada’s encyclopedia & explainer
HomeScience & NaturePrimatesLemur
Science & Nature • Primates

Lemur

Lemurs are strepsirrhine primates native to Madagascar, with some broader uses of the term also including related Malagasy primates in general.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 27, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Lemurs are strepsirrhine primates native to Madagascar, with some broader uses of the term also including related Malagasy primates in general. They are known for their wet noses, strong sense of smell, and wide range of body sizes and lifestyles. The group is highly diverse and includes many endemic species found nowhere else on Earth.

Classification

Lemurs are strepsirrhine primates placed in the superfamily Lemuroidea. Sources differ on usage: some use 'lemur' broadly for the Malagasy primate radiation, while others reserve it for the family Lemuridae.

Distribution and habitat

Lemurs are native primarily to Madagascar, with some sources also noting the Comoro Islands in broader definitions. Most species live in trees, although habitats and activity patterns vary widely across the group.

Physical and ecological traits

Lemurs typically have a moist nose, large eyes, and a strong sense of smell. Their diets range from fruit and leaves to flowers, seeds, insects, and small animals, depending on the species.

Conservation

Many lemur species are threatened because they are restricted to a small geographic range and face habitat loss and other pressures. Conservation status varies by species, with several listed as endangered or critically endangered.

Key facts

  • Lemurs are primates, but they are not monkeys or apes.
  • Most lemurs are endemic to Madagascar.
  • The term can be used narrowly for family Lemuridae or broadly for Lemuroidea.
  • Many lemur species are threatened or endangered.
  • Their diversity includes some of the smallest living primates.
🍁
Canadian context

Lemurs are relevant to Canadian readers through zoo collections, wildlife education, and conservation biology, where they are often used to illustrate Madagascar's endemic biodiversity and the impacts of habitat loss.

Frequently asked questions

What is a lemur?
A lemur is a strepsirrhine primate native mainly to Madagascar, and in some broader classifications the term covers the larger lemur group of related Malagasy primates.
Are lemurs monkeys?
No. Lemurs are primates, but they belong to a separate branch from monkeys and apes.
Where do lemurs live?
Most lemurs live in Madagascar. Some broader definitions also include the Comoro Islands.
How many lemur species are there?
Sources in the provided results describe about 100 extant species, though exact counts can vary with taxonomic updates.
What do lemurs eat?
Depending on the species, lemurs eat fruit, leaves, flowers, seeds, insects, and occasionally small animals.
Are lemurs endangered?
Many species are threatened, and some are listed as endangered or critically endangered.

References

  1. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemur
    Supports: Overview of lemurs as wet-nosed primates of Lemuroidea, with classification count and general description.
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/lemur-primate-suborder
    Supports: Definition, broad and narrow usage, native range, and general traits.
  3. Merriam-Websterhttps://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lemur
    Supports: Morphological traits, diet, and common definition.
  4. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/summary/lemur-primate-suborder
    Supports: Typical features, habitat, diet, and conservation status overview.
  5. Lemur Conservation Foundationhttps://www.lemurreserve.org/lemurs/
    Supports: Endemic to Madagascar, reliance on smell, diversity, and conservation concern.