Manta ray

Manta rays are large, flattened rays known for their broad pectoral fins and filter-feeding lifestyle.

Manta rays are large, flattened rays known for their broad pectoral fins and filter-feeding lifestyle. They live in tropical, subtropical, and some temperate ocean waters and are among the largest rays in the world. Modern sources commonly recognise two extant species: the reef manta ray and the giant oceanic manta ray.

Classification and naming

Manta rays are rays in the cartilaginous fish group, and modern taxonomy places them in the genus Mobula. The name "manta" comes from Spanish and means blanket or cloak, referring to their broad body shape.

Physical characteristics

Manta rays have wide, wing-like pectoral fins, a flattened body, and cephalic fins at the front of the head that help guide food into the mouth. Their size makes them the largest rays in the ocean.

Behaviour and diet

Manta rays are filter feeders that consume plankton and other tiny organisms while swimming. They are often seen in areas where food is abundant, including reef habitats and open water.

Habitat and distribution

Manta rays occur in tropical and subtropical seas worldwide, and some populations extend into temperate waters. Reef mantas are more coastal, while giant oceanic mantas spend much of their lives offshore.

Conservation

Manta rays face pressure from fisheries, bycatch, and the trade in gill plates. Conservation assessments vary by species and region, but both major manta species are considered threatened.