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Science & Nature • Marine biology

Megamouth shark

The megamouth shark is a rare filter-feeding shark species, scientifically named Megachasma pelagios.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 27, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

The megamouth shark (Megachasma pelagios) is a rare species of filter-feeding shark found in tropical and temperate ocean waters worldwide. First discovered in 1976, it is the only living member of the family Megachasmidae. The species remains poorly understood due to its elusive nature and the limited number of recorded specimens.

Taxonomy

The megamouth shark is the sole living species in the family Megachasmidae, which belongs to the order Lamniformes. Its scientific name is Megachasma pelagios.

Distribution and habitat

This species occurs in tropical and temperate waters across the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans. It inhabits areas from just below the surface down to depths of about 1,500 metres, typically within the continental shelf and open ocean.

Feeding and behaviour

Megamouth sharks are filter feeders that consume plankton and other small organisms. They are generally described as slow-moving and elusive.

Discovery and research

The first megamouth shark was discovered near Kaneohe, Hawaii, in 1976. Because so few individuals have been recorded, many aspects of its biology remain uncertain.

Conservation status

The megamouth shark is listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List. Despite its rarity, no major threats have been identified that would warrant a higher risk category.

Key facts

  • The megamouth shark is the only living species in the family Megachasmidae.
  • It was first discovered near Kaneohe, Hawaii, in 1976.
  • It feeds by filter-feeding on plankton and other small organisms.
  • Its range includes tropical and temperate waters in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans.
  • The species is found from near-surface waters down to about 1,500 metres and remains poorly understood.
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Canadian context

There is no strong Canada-specific connection in the provided sources, but the species is relevant to Canadian readers as a globally distributed deep-water shark and a notable example of marine biodiversity.

Frequently asked questions

What is a megamouth shark?
A megamouth shark is a rare filter-feeding shark species, Megachasma pelagios, and the only living species in its family.
Where do megamouth sharks live?
They live in tropical and temperate oceans worldwide, from near the surface to about 1,500 metres deep.
What do megamouth sharks eat?
They are filter feeders that eat plankton and other small organisms.
When was the megamouth shark discovered?
It was first discovered in 1976 near Kaneohe, Hawaii.
How rare is the megamouth shark?
It is rarely seen and remains one of the least familiar large shark species because only a limited number of specimens have been recorded.

References

  1. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/megamouth-shark
    Supports: Scientific name, family, order, discovery date and location, habitat, and depth range.
  2. Save Our Seas Foundationhttps://saveourseas.com/worldofsharks/species/megamouth-shark
    Supports: Diet, habitat range, and conservation status.
  3. Scientific Americanhttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-is-a-megamouth-shark/
    Supports: Monotypic classification within its genus and family.
  4. Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austinhttps://utmsi.utexas.edu/science-and-the-sea/radio-program/megamouth-shark/
    Supports: Rarity and number of recorded individuals.