Midge

Midges are small flies, most commonly referring to non-biting members of the family Chironomidae in the order Diptera.

Midges are small flies, most commonly referring to non-biting members of the family Chironomidae in the order Diptera. They resemble mosquitoes but do not bite, and their larvae are usually associated with aquatic habitats such as ponds, streams, and lakes. In Canada, midges are common in freshwater and wetland habitats, where their swarms can be a seasonal nuisance.

Description

Midges are small, delicate flies that are often mistaken for mosquitoes because of their size and general appearance. Non-biting midges have a single pair of wings and are harmless to people.

Life cycle and habitat

Midges typically develop through egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages, with immature stages living in water, mud, manure, or other moist habitats. Adults are often seen in swarms near ponds, streams, and lakes.

Biting and non-biting midges

The common name “midge” is used for both non-biting Chironomidae and biting midges in Ceratopogonidae. Biting midges have piercing mouthparts and can bite humans or animals, unlike the more familiar non-biting midges.

Ecological importance

Midge larvae are abundant in aquatic ecosystems and are an important food source for other animals. Some species are also used as indicators in water-quality assessment because their presence can reflect environmental conditions. In Canada, midges are relevant to aquatic ecology and water-quality monitoring.