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Millipede

Millipedes are arthropods in the class Diplopoda, known for their elongated segmented bodies and two pairs of legs on most body segments.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 27, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Millipedes are arthropods in the class Diplopoda, known for their elongated segmented bodies and two pairs of legs on most body segments. They are found worldwide and are usually detritivores or herbivores that feed on decaying plant matter and leaf litter. Despite the name, most species have far fewer than 1,000 legs.

Classification

Millipedes belong to the arthropod class Diplopoda within the myriapods. This group includes thousands of described species and is widely distributed around the world.

Physical characteristics

Millipedes typically have cylindrical or slightly flattened segmented bodies, with two pairs of legs on most apparent segments. Their common name refers to many feet, but most species have far fewer than a thousand legs.

Ecology and diet

Most millipedes feed on decaying vegetation, leaf litter, and other organic matter. They play an important role in decomposition and nutrient cycling in many ecosystems.

Defence and behaviour

Millipedes are usually slow-moving and often curl into a tight coil when threatened. Some species also produce defensive secretions that may irritate predators or other animals.

Key facts

  • Millipedes are arthropods, not insects.
  • Most body segments bear two pairs of legs, which distinguishes them from centipedes.
  • The name comes from Latin words meaning 'thousand' and 'foot,' but most species do not have 1,000 legs.
  • Millipedes are commonly found worldwide.
  • They are generally slow-moving and are important decomposers in ecosystems.
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Canadian context

Millipedes occur in Canada; one source notes that about 1,400 species occur in the United States and Canada combined.[14]

Frequently asked questions

What is a millipede?
A millipede is an arthropod in the class Diplopoda, characterized by a segmented body and two pairs of legs on most body segments.
Are millipedes insects?
No. Millipedes are arthropods, but they are not insects; they belong to the myriapods.
Do millipedes really have 1,000 legs?
No. The name is misleading; most species have far fewer than 1,000 legs.
What do millipedes eat?
Most millipedes feed on decaying plant material, leaf litter, and other organic matter.
How are millipedes different from centipedes?
Millipedes usually have two pairs of legs per body segment, while centipedes have one pair per segment and are generally more predatory.

References

  1. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millipede
    Supports: Class Diplopoda, two pairs of legs on most segments, about 12,000 named species.
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/millipede
    Supports: Millipedes are arthropods in the class Diplopoda and are distributed worldwide.
  3. Merriam-Websterhttps://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/millipedes
    Supports: Definition describing cylindrical segmented body and two pairs of legs on most apparent segments.
  4. The Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy, and Spaceflighthttps://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/M/millipede.html
    Supports: General description, distribution, and long evolutionary history.
  5. Macalester Collegehttps://www.macalester.edu/ordway/biodiversity/inventory/millipedediplo/
    Supports: Millipedes as decomposers and long evolutionary history; approximate number of described species.
  6. National Wildlife Federationhttps://www.nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Invertebrates/Millipedes
    Supports: Worldwide distribution, not insects, dietary role, and occurrence in the United States and Canada.
  7. NatureWorkshttps://www.natureworks.nhpbs.org/kingdom/diplopoda/
    Supports: Body form, feeding habits, defence behaviour, and defensive secretions.