Northern Catalpa

Northern catalpa (*Catalpa speciosa*) is a deciduous tree native to the midwestern and central United States.

Northern catalpa (*Catalpa speciosa*) is a deciduous tree native to the midwestern and central United States. It is grown widely as an ornamental shade tree and is known for its large heart-shaped leaves, showy white flowers, and long bean-like seed pods. In Canada, it has been recorded in Ontario and is sometimes planted in ornamental landscapes.

Description

Northern catalpa is a medium to large deciduous tree, typically reaching 40–70 feet (12–21 m) in height, with some specimens up to about 100 feet (30 m). It has a broad, open crown, flaky gray bark, and large opposite or whorled heart-shaped leaves. The tree produces showy clusters of white flowers with yellow and purple markings, followed by long, narrow capsules that resemble beans or cigars, often called seed pods.

Distribution and habitat

The species is native to the central and midwestern United States, particularly the lower Ohio River and central Mississippi River valleys. It naturally occurs in moist bottomlands, along stream edges, and in rich soils. Northern catalpa has been widely planted as an ornamental and has naturalized in many areas beyond its original range. In Canada, it has been recorded in Ontario.

Uses and cultivation

Northern catalpa is primarily grown as a shade and ornamental tree, valued for its fast growth and attractive flowers. It is widely planted outside its native range and can naturalize in disturbed sites. The wood is noted for its rot resistance and was historically used for fence posts, railroad ties, and similar outdoor applications.

Ecology

The tree is associated with moist lowland habitats but can also persist in disturbed sites when planted or escaped from cultivation. It is a known food plant for the catalpa sphinx moth, which can sometimes defoliate trees.