The Canadian Encyclopedia — neutral, cited, updated
July 27, 2026Sources cited
Canadianwire.
Canada’s encyclopedia & explainer
HomePolitics & WorldCountryNorway
Politics & World • Country

Norway

Norway is a Nordic country in Northern Europe and a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary representative democracy.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 27, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Norway is a Nordic country in Northern Europe and a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary representative democracy. Its capital is Oslo, and its political system centers on the Storting, a unicameral parliament elected by proportional representation.

Government and politics

Norway is a constitutional hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system. Executive power is formally shared by the king, the Council of State, and the cabinet, while the legislature is the Storting. The king's role is largely ceremonial, while executive authority is exercised by the government led by the prime minister. The current head of state is King Harald V, and the head of government is Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre.

Parliament

The Storting is Norway's unicameral parliament with 169 members elected every four years by proportional representation. It plays the central role in legislation and government formation. The Storting cannot be dissolved during its term.

Constitution and state structure

Norway's constitutional framework originates in the 1814 Constitution, which established a constitutional monarchy and separation of powers among legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The judiciary is independent of the executive and legislature.

Party system and elections

Norway has a multi-party political system, and coalition or minority governments are common. General elections for the Storting are held every four years. Norway is not a member of the European Union, although it participates in the EU single market through other arrangements.

Key facts

  • Norway's constitution dates to 1814 and established a constitutional monarchy and separation of powers.
  • The Storting is unicameral with 169 members elected every four years by proportional representation.
  • The king's role is largely ceremonial; executive authority is exercised by the government led by the prime minister.
  • Norway has a multi-party political system; coalition or minority governments are common.
  • Norway is not a member of the European Union but participates in the EU single market.
🍁
Canadian context

Norway is relevant to Canadian readers as another parliamentary constitutional monarchy with a strong welfare state, NATO membership, and Arctic interests.

Frequently asked questions

What type of government does Norway have?
Norway is a unitary constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government.
Who is Norway’s current king?
King Harald V is Norway’s current monarch.
Who is Norway’s prime minister?
Jonas Gahr Støre has been Norway’s prime minister since 2021.
How many members are in the Storting?
The Storting has 169 members.
How often are Norwegian parliamentary elections held?
Elections to the Storting are held every four years.
Is Norway in the European Union?
No. Norway is not an EU member, although it participates in the EU single market.

References

  1. Government of Norwayhttps://www.regjeringen.no/en/the-government/id443314/
    Supports: Constitutional division of power; Norway as a monarchy with legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/place/Norway/Government-and-society
    Supports: Constitutional hereditary monarchy; government formation; Storting size and election cycle.
  3. BBC Newshttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17743896
    Supports: Country profile; capital; population; general political context.
  4. International IDEAhttps://www.idea.int/democracytracker/country/norway
    Supports: System of government; head of government; electoral system.
  5. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Norway
    Supports: Parliamentary representative democracy; executive, legislative, and judicial structure; Storting election method.
  6. U.S. Department of Statehttps://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/norway/67280.htm
    Supports: Hereditary constitutional monarchy; independence in 1905; branches of government; political parties.