The Canadian Encyclopedia — neutral, cited, updated
July 26, 2026Sources cited
Canadianwire.
Canada’s encyclopedia & explainer
HomeScience & NatureBirdsOstrich
Science & Nature • Birds

Ostrich

The ostrich is a large flightless bird native to Africa and the largest living bird species.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

The ostrich is a large flightless bird native to Africa and the largest living bird species. It belongs to the genus Struthio, with two living species recognized today: the common ostrich and the Somali ostrich. Ostriches are known for their long legs, speed, and large eggs.

Description

Ostriches are large, long-legged birds with a small head and long neck. Males are typically black and white, while females are usually brownish.

Habitat and range

Wild ostriches live in Africa, especially in savannas, grasslands, deserts, and open woodland. They are not naturally found outside Africa.

Behaviour and diet

Ostriches are omnivorous and eat plants, seeds, and insects. They are social birds and can live in groups called flocks.

Reproduction

Ostriches lay very large eggs, the largest of any living bird. Chicks hatch after an incubation period of roughly 40 days.

Conservation

The common ostrich is listed as Least Concern, while the Somali ostrich is listed as Vulnerable. Main pressures include habitat loss and human activity.

Key facts

  • The ostrich is the largest and heaviest living bird.
  • It is flightless but is among the fastest two-legged animals on Earth.
  • Ostriches have long legs, a long neck, and two-toed feet.
  • They are native to Africa and live in open habitats.
  • Ostrich eggs are the largest eggs of any living land animal.
🍁
Canadian context

Ostriches are not native to Canada, but they are familiar to Canadian readers through zoos, wildlife education, and ostrich farming in some regions.

Frequently asked questions

What is an ostrich?
An ostrich is a large, flightless bird native to Africa and the largest living bird species.
How many species of ostrich are living today?
Two living species are generally recognized: the common ostrich and the Somali ostrich.
How fast can an ostrich run?
Ostriches can sprint at more than 40 mph (64 km/h) and may sustain over 30 mph (48 km/h) over distance.
What do ostriches eat?
They are omnivorous and eat plants, seeds, and insects.
Do ostriches fly?
No. Ostriches are flightless birds.

References

  1. Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/ostrich
    Supports: Ostrich is a large flightless bird found only in Africa; scientific name; general classification.
  2. Smithsonian’s National Zoohttps://nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/ostrich
    Supports: Largest and heaviest bird; native to Africa; flightless; fast runner.
  3. National Geographic Kidshttps://kids.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/facts/ostrich
    Supports: Scientific name; size; weight; lifespan; speed; diet.
  4. PBS Naturehttps://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/blog/ostrich-fact-sheet/
    Supports: Two living species; conservation status of common and Somali ostrich.
  5. IFAWhttps://www.ifaw.org/international/animals/ostriches
    Supports: Two living species; habitats; speed; native range; conservation pressures.