Parmigiano-Reggiano

Parmigiano-Reggiano is an Italian hard, aged cheese protected by a designation of origin.

Parmigiano-Reggiano is an Italian hard, aged cheese protected by a designation of origin. It is produced only in a defined area of northern Italy, including parts of Emilia-Romagna and Lombardy, under rules set by the consorzio and EU/Italian protections. In English, it is often called Parmesan, though that term can also refer more broadly to imitation cheeses outside protected markets.

Origin and naming

The name Parmigiano-Reggiano reflects its historical association with Parma and Reggio Emilia. The English term Parmesan is often used for the cheese, but in some contexts it can also refer to non-authentic products.

Production area and protections

Authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano must be produced in a specific zone in northern Italy, including parts of Emilia-Romagna and Lombardy. It is protected as a PDO/DOP product, which limits where and how it may be made and marketed.

Production and characteristics

The cheese is traditionally made from cow's milk, salt, and rennet and aged for an extended period. It is a hard, granular cheese with a distinctive savoury taste and crystalline texture.

Cultural significance

Parmigiano-Reggiano is one of Italy's best-known food products and is often described as a premium or iconic cheese. It is commonly used as a finishing cheese in Italian cuisine and exported internationally.