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Parsnip

Parsnip is the common name for *Pastinaca sativa*, a root vegetable in the carrot family (Apiaceae).

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Parsnip is the common name for *Pastinaca sativa*, a root vegetable in the carrot family (Apiaceae). It is grown for its long, cream-coloured taproot, which is typically cooked and becomes sweeter after exposure to frost. The plant is native to Eurasia and has been used as food since antiquity.

Description

Parsnip (*Pastinaca sativa*) is a biennial plant in the Apiaceae family that produces a pale, edible taproot. The root is often described as similar to a carrot but cream-coloured and more strongly flavoured.

Cultivation and harvest

Parsnips are typically sown in spring and grown as annual crops for their roots. They are often left in the ground into colder weather, since frost can increase sweetness by changing starch to sugar.

History and distribution

Parsnips have been used as food since ancient times and were cultivated by the Romans. The plant is native to Eurasia and was introduced to the Americas in the early 17th century, where it became naturalized in some areas.

Culinary use

Parsnip roots are commonly boiled, roasted, mashed, or added to soups and stews. They are generally served cooked, though young roots can sometimes be eaten raw. In Canada, parsnips are a familiar cool-season vegetable, often associated with winter storage and roasting.

Key facts

  • Parsnip is a root vegetable closely related to carrot and parsley.
  • The edible part is the plant’s long, tapered taproot.
  • Cold temperatures convert some starches to sugars, making the root sweeter after frost.
  • Parsnips have been cultivated since antiquity and were known to the Romans.
  • Parsnips are usually cooked before eating.
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Canadian context

Parsnips are a familiar cool-season vegetable in Canadian cooking and are grown in temperate parts of Canada. They are especially associated with winter storage, roasting, and soups.

Frequently asked questions

What is a parsnip?
A parsnip is the edible root of *Pastinaca sativa*, a plant in the carrot family.
Is a parsnip a type of carrot?
No. It is not a carrot, but it is closely related to carrots and parsley.
Why do parsnips taste sweeter after frost?
Low temperatures convert part of the root’s starch into sugar, increasing sweetness.
Where did parsnips originate?
Parsnips are native to Eurasia.
Are parsnips eaten raw or cooked?
They are usually eaten cooked, though they can sometimes be grated or sliced raw when young.

References

  1. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsnip
    Supports: Scientific name, family, native range, plant type, and general description.
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/plant/parsnip
    Supports: Definition, family, cultivated history, frost sweetness, introduction to the Americas, and edible root description.
  3. Merriam-Websterhttps://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/parsnip
    Supports: Dictionary definition identifying parsnip as a Eurasian biennial herb and its edible root.
  4. Michigan State University Extensionhttps://www.canr.msu.edu/news/parsnips_a_vegetable_from_antiquity
    Supports: Relationship to carrots and parsley, Roman-era use, biennial habit, and cream-coloured root.