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Peony

Peonies are a group of flowering plants in the genus Paeonia, valued for their large, often fragrant blooms and long-lived perennial growth habit.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Peonies are a group of flowering plants in the genus Paeonia, valued for their large, often fragrant blooms and long-lived perennial growth habit. They are commonly grown in gardens as ornamental plants and are known for attracting ants to their flower buds, which feed on sugary nectar rather than harming the plant.

Description

Peonies are ornamental flowering plants grown for their large blooms, which may be pink, white, red, or other colours depending on the cultivar. They are long-lived garden plants and can persist for decades when planted in suitable conditions.

Cultivation

Peonies do best in full sun, in soil that drains well, and with the crown planted at the correct depth. They generally need modest watering once established and benefit from minimal disturbance after planting.

Blooming and growth cycle

Depending on the variety and local climate, peonies bloom from spring into early summer. Herbaceous peonies die back above ground in autumn and regrow from the roots in spring.

Ants on peony buds

Ants are commonly seen on peony buds because they are attracted to nectar-like sugary secretions. The ants do not help the flowers open and are not required for the plant's growth.

Key facts

  • Peonies are perennial plants that can return and flower for many years.
  • They prefer full sun and well-drained soil.
  • Planting depth matters: peony eyes are usually kept about 1 to 2 inches below the soil surface.
  • Ants are commonly found on peony buds because they feed on sugary secretions.
  • Peonies are usually cut back in fall after the foliage dies back.
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Canadian context

Peonies are widely grown in Canadian gardens because many varieties tolerate cold winters and bloom reliably in temperate climates.

Frequently asked questions

How do you care for peonies?
Plant peonies in full sun with well-drained soil, water them moderately, and avoid overwatering. Established plants generally need little care beyond seasonal cleanup and occasional feeding.
When do peonies bloom?
Peonies usually bloom in spring to early summer. Exact bloom time depends on the species, variety, and local climate.
Are peonies perennials?
Yes. Peonies are perennial plants, meaning they return year after year from their root system.
How do you plant peony bulbs?
Peonies are usually planted as roots or root divisions rather than true bulbs. Place the eyes about 1 to 2 inches below the soil surface in a sunny, well-drained location.
Why do peonies have ants?
Ants are attracted to the sweet secretions on peony buds. They do not damage the plant and are not needed for the flowers to open.

References

  1. Monroviahttps://www.monrovia.com/be-inspired/peony-care-guide.html
    Supports: Sun, drainage, planting depth, watering, pruning, and general peony care
  2. American Peony Societyhttps://americanpeonysociety.org/learn/about-the-peonies/care/
    Supports: Ants on peony buds are attracted to sugary secretions and do not help open buds
  3. BBC Gardeners' Worldhttps://www.gardenersworld.com/how-to/grow-plants/how-to-grow-peonies/
    Supports: Peony bloom period from April to July depending on variety
  4. MasterClasshttps://www.masterclass.com/articles/peonies-guide
    Supports: Peonies are perennials that return year after year
  5. Scotts Miracle-Grohttps://www.scottsmiraclegro.com/en-us/learn/gardening/how-to-grow-peonies.html
    Supports: Watering, planting depth, and general growing guidance
  6. University of Michigan Matthaei Botanical Gardens and Nichols Arboretumhttps://www.mbgna.umich.edu/post/horticulture-home-peony-care-101
    Supports: Ants are normal on peony buds and do not harm the plant