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Science & Nature • Arachnid

Pseudoscorpion

Pseudoscorpions are small arachnids in the order Pseudoscorpiones, also called false scorpions or book scorpions.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 27, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Pseudoscorpions are small arachnids in the order Pseudoscorpiones, also called false scorpions or book scorpions. They resemble scorpions but lack the long tail and sting, and they are generally harmless to humans. Pseudoscorpions occur in Canada and are often noticed by gardeners, homeowners, and naturalists because they may appear in leaf litter, bark, mulch, or occasionally indoors.

Description

Pseudoscorpions are tiny arachnids with a flattened body and large pincers that resemble those of scorpions. Their lack of a tail is the most obvious difference from true scorpions.

Behaviour and diet

They are predatory and feed on small arthropods such as mites, springtails, flies, ants, beetle larvae, and booklice. They may use silk for moulting or shelter, and some species hitchhike on other animals to disperse.

Habitat and distribution

Pseudoscorpions occur worldwide, with many species found in tropical regions. They commonly live under bark, in leaf litter, in soil, and in animal nests, and some species are occasionally found indoors.

Relationship to humans

Pseudoscorpions are considered harmless and are often beneficial because they prey on pests. They do not attack structures or occupants and are not regarded as dangerous.

Key facts

  • Pseudoscorpions are arachnids, not true scorpions.
  • They have pincer-like pedipalps but no tail or stinger.
  • They are small predators that feed on other tiny arthropods.
  • They are harmless to people and pets and cannot sting.
  • Many species live outdoors in leaf litter, bark, soil, and nests.
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Canadian context

Pseudoscorpions occur in Canada and are often noticed by gardeners, homeowners, and naturalists because they may appear in leaf litter, bark, mulch, or occasionally indoors. Canadian extension and museum sources describe them as harmless, beneficial arachnids.

Frequently asked questions

Are pseudoscorpions real scorpions?
No. They are arachnids in a separate order, Pseudoscorpiones, and they lack the long tail and sting of true scorpions.
Can pseudoscorpions bite or sting humans?
They are generally harmless to humans and pets and cannot sting. Their venomous structures are used for feeding on prey, not for defense against people.
What do pseudoscorpions eat?
They eat small arthropods such as mites, flies, ants, beetle larvae, springtails, and booklice.
Where do pseudoscorpions live?
They live in leaf litter, under bark, in soil, in nests, and in crevices; some species are also found in books, old chests, or buildings.
Why are they called book scorpions?
The name refers to some species that live in old books and similar dry indoor spaces, while still resembling small scorpions.
Do pseudoscorpions have any benefit?
Yes. They can help limit pest populations by feeding on small insects and mites.

References

  1. University of Minnesota Extensionhttps://extension.umn.edu/insect-relatives/pseudoscorpions
    Supports: Harmless to people and pets; cannot bite or sting; arachnid relationship
  2. Penn State Extensionhttps://extension.psu.edu/pseudoscorpions/
    Supports: Size, diet, number of described species, and tropical habitat notes
  3. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/false-scorpion
    Supports: Order Pseudoscorpiones, size, worldwide distribution, habitat, silk use, and general biology
  4. American Museum of Natural Historyhttps://www.amnh.org/explore/ology/ology-cards/155-pseudoscorpions
    Supports: Harmlessness, lack of sting, hitchhiking behaviour, and bathtub/sink occurrence
  5. Michigan State University Extensionhttps://www.canr.msu.edu/resources/pseudoscorpion
    Supports: Harmlessness, habitats, silk use, and predation on small arthropods
  6. Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestryhttps://www.maine.gov/dacf/php/gotpests/bugs/pseudoscorpion.htm
    Supports: Harmlessness, indoor encounters, inability to bite or sting, and beneficial role