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Pterodactyl

Pterodactyl is an informal term most often used for pterosaurs, the extinct flying reptiles that lived alongside dinosaurs.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated September 10, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Pterodactyl is an informal term most often used for pterosaurs, the extinct flying reptiles that lived alongside dinosaurs. In strict scientific usage, it can also refer to the genus Pterodactylus, especially Pterodactylus antiquus, one of the first pterosaurs to be named and studied. These creatures were not dinosaurs but a separate group of reptiles that evolved powered flight.

Name and classification

The word pterodactyl is an informal term that people often use for all pterosaurs, but it is also associated with the genus Pterodactylus. Scientific sources distinguish these flying reptiles from dinosaurs and place them in the order Pterosauria.

Appearance and flight

Pterosaurs were flying reptiles with skin-based wings, hollow bones, and an elongated finger supporting the wing membrane. They were the first vertebrates known to evolve powered flight.

Fossil record and time period

Pterosaurs first appeared in the Triassic Period and lasted until the end of the Cretaceous Period, about 66 million years ago. Fossils have been found in many parts of the world.

Diet and ecology

Many pterosaurs were carnivores. Depending on habitat, they fed on fish near water or on small animals away from water.

Key facts

  • Pterodactyl is commonly used as a general name for pterosaurs, but scientifically it is more precise to use Pterosauria or Pterodactylus depending on the context.
  • Pterosaurs were not dinosaurs; they were a separate group of flying reptiles that evolved powered flight.
  • The best-known specific animal associated with the name is Pterodactylus antiquus, the first pterosaur to be named and identified.
  • Pterosaurs had membranous wings supported by an elongated finger, unlike the feathered wings of birds.
  • Many pterosaurs were meat-eaters, with diets that often included fish or small animals.
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Canadian context

Canadian museums and educational resources commonly use pterosaurs and pterodactyls to explain prehistoric life, flight evolution, and the difference between dinosaurs and other reptiles.[12][18]

Frequently asked questions

Are pterodactyls dinosaurs?
No. Pterodactyls were pterosaurs, a separate group of flying reptiles that lived alongside dinosaurs.
What does pterodactyl mean?
It comes from a word meaning “wing finger,” referring to the elongated finger that supported the wing.
Was Pterodactyl a real animal?
Yes, but the term is often used loosely. In strict usage, it usually refers to Pterodactylus, especially Pterodactylus antiquus.
When did pterodactyls live?
In broad usage, pterodactyls lived from the Late Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous, roughly 163.5 to 66 million years ago.
What did pterodactyls eat?
Many were carnivores that ate fish or small animals, depending on their habitat.

References

  1. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/pterodactyl
    Supports: Pterodactyl as an informal term for a subgroup of flying reptiles and its geological time range.
  2. Britannica Kidshttps://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/pterodactyl/390080
    Supports: Pterodactyls as flying reptiles, their anatomy, diet, and time period.
  3. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/pterodactyl
    Supports: Pterodactyl as an informal term for flying reptiles in Pterosauria.
  4. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/science/Pterosauria
    Supports: Pterosaurs as a separate group from dinosaurs and their evolutionary significance.
  5. Natural History Museum, Londonhttps://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/the-truth-about-pterosaurs.html
    Supports: Pterosaurs as the first vertebrates to evolve powered flight and the origin of the name linked to 'wing finger'.
  6. Carnegie Museum of Natural Historyhttps://carnegiemnh.org/photo-amnh-pterodactyl-or-pterosaur-when-you/
    Supports: Pterodactylus antiquus as a specific pterosaur and clarification of the name.
  7. National Geographichttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/pterosaurs
    Supports: Pterosaurs first appeared in the Triassic and went extinct at the end of the Cretaceous.
  8. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterodactylus
    Supports: Pterodactylus antiquus as the first pterosaur named and identified; use only as secondary support.