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July 26, 2026Sources cited
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QR code

A QR code is a two-dimensional matrix barcode that stores data in a square pattern of black and white modules.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

A QR code is a two-dimensional matrix barcode that stores data in a square pattern of black and white modules. The abbreviation QR stands for quick response, referring to how quickly the code can be read by a camera or scanner. QR codes were invented in 1994 by Masahiro Hara of Denso Wave for labelling automobile parts.

History

QR codes were invented in 1994 by Masahiro Hara at Denso Wave in Japan. They were designed to improve fast, reliable tracking of automobile parts.

How they work

A QR code encodes data in a grid of modules that a camera or scanner reads as an image. Finder patterns and error correction help the device identify and decode the code accurately.

Uses

QR codes are used to open web pages, share text or contact information, connect to Wi‑Fi, and trigger other digital actions. They are common on printed materials, products, and digital screens.

Scanning and creation

Most smartphones can scan QR codes using the built-in camera or a QR reader app. QR codes can be created with online generators, dedicated apps, or built-in browser features where available.

Safety

QR codes are not inherently unsafe, but they can direct users to malicious websites or unwanted actions. Security guidance recommends checking the destination before opening links from unfamiliar codes.

Key facts

  • QR codes are square, machine-readable barcodes made of black and white modules.
  • They can be scanned from any orientation, unlike traditional one-dimensional barcodes.
  • A QR code can store text, links, contact details, and other encoded data.
  • The code is interpreted using finder patterns and error correction, including Reed–Solomon error correction.
  • QR codes are widely used for website links, payments, check-ins, and Wi‑Fi access.
  • They are created with QR code generators or built-in tools in some software and browsers.
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Canadian context

QR codes are widely used in Canada for payments, tickets, transit, public information, and restaurant menus, making them familiar to Canadian readers.

Frequently asked questions

What is a QR code?
A QR code is a two-dimensional barcode that stores information in a square pattern of black and white modules and can be read by a camera or scanner.
How does a QR code work?
The code’s pattern is captured as an image, then software interprets the modules and error-correction data to recover the encoded information.
How to scan a QR code?
Open a smartphone camera or QR scanner app, point it at the code, and follow the prompt that appears on screen.
What does QR stand for?
QR stands for quick response.
Are QR codes safe?
QR codes themselves are just encoded data, but they can link to unsafe websites or actions, so users should verify unfamiliar codes before opening them.
How to create a QR code?
Use a QR code generator, a dedicated app, or a built-in browser or software feature, then enter the information you want the code to contain.

References

  1. Wikipedia — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_code
    Supports: Definition, invention date, inventor, company, and error correction overview.
  2. GS1 US — https://www.gs1us.org/upcs-barcodes-prefixes/what-is-a-qr-code
    Supports: Two-dimensional barcode explanation and meaning of QR as quick response.
  3. Fortinet — https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/what-is-a-qr-code
    Supports: How QR codes work, common uses, and encoded data types.
  4. Britannica — https://www.britannica.com/technology/QR-Code
    Supports: General definition and character encoding description.
  5. IONOS — https://www.ionos.com/digitalguide/online-marketing/online-sales/what-is-a-qr-code/
    Supports: How to scan and create QR codes, plus QR meaning.
  6. Digital.gov — https://digital.gov/resources/introduction-to-qr-codes
    Supports: Scanning and creation options, including built-in browser features.
  7. Avast — https://www.avast.com/c-what-is-qr-code-how-to-scan
    Supports: Scanning with smartphones and cameras.
  8. Google TechTalks / YouTube — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Kc-lDrWTzU
    Supports: Security caution that QR codes can lead to malicious webpages.