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Robert Johnson

Robert Johnson (1911–1938) was an American blues musician, singer, guitarist, and songwriter from Mississippi.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Robert Johnson (1911–1938) was an American blues musician, singer, guitarist, and songwriter from Mississippi. He recorded only a small body of work in the 1930s, but his songs and playing style became highly influential in blues and later rock music. Johnson is widely regarded as one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century.

Early life

Robert Johnson was born in Mississippi in 1911 and grew up in the rural environment of the Mississippi Delta, where blues traditions were strong. Accounts of his early life are incomplete and sometimes vary in detail.

Recording career

Johnson’s known recording career was brief, spanning sessions in 1936 and 1937. He recorded 29 songs that were later issued on 78 rpm records and became foundational blues material.

Musical style and influence

Johnson was noted for his singing, rhythmic slide guitar, and songwriting. His recordings influenced later blues artists and many rock musicians, helping shape the development of popular music.

Death and legacy

Johnson died in 1938 at about age 27. After his death, his reputation grew dramatically, and he became a central figure in blues history and popular music mythology.

Key facts

  • Johnson recorded 29 songs during his lifetime, in sessions held in 1936 and 1937.
  • His recordings included songs such as "Cross Road Blues," "Love in Vain," and "Hellhound on My Trail."
  • He is widely associated with Delta blues and is regarded as one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century.
  • The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has described him as perhaps "the first ever rock star."
  • Johnson died in 1938 at a young age, and details of his death remain the subject of historical discussion and legend.
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Canadian context

Robert Johnson’s recordings are part of the core blues canon studied and performed by Canadian musicians, educators, and listeners, and his influence extends into Canadian blues and rock scenes.

Frequently asked questions

Who was Robert Johnson?
Robert Johnson was an American Delta blues musician, singer, guitarist, and songwriter whose recordings made him one of the most influential figures in blues history.
What is Robert Johnson best known for?
He is best known for his 1936–1937 blues recordings and for songs such as "Cross Road Blues" and "Hellhound on My Trail."
How many songs did Robert Johnson record?
He recorded 29 songs in total during his lifetime.
When did Robert Johnson live?
He was born in 1911 and died in 1938.
Why is Robert Johnson important in music history?
His guitar playing, singing, and songwriting strongly influenced later blues and rock musicians, making him a foundational figure in American music.

References

  1. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Johnson
    Supports: Birth, death, occupation, recordings, influence, and general biography.
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Johnson-American-musician
    Supports: Life dates, birthplace, death place, occupation, and musical influence.
  3. Robert Johnson Blues Foundationhttps://www.robertjohnsonbluesfoundation.org/biography/
    Supports: Recording sessions, number of songs, and major song titles.
  4. Rock & Roll Hall of Famehttps://www.rockhall.com/inductees/robert-johnson
    Supports: Historical significance and description of Johnson as an early rock-era figure.