Saint Peter

Saint Peter, also called Simon Peter or Peter the Apostle, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus and is regarded in Roman Catholic tradition as the first pope.

Saint Peter, also called Simon Peter or Peter the Apostle, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. He is a leading figure in early Christianity and is regarded in Roman Catholic tradition as the first pope. Christian tradition places his martyrdom in Rome under Emperor Nero, and he is associated with the keys of heaven and an upside-down crucifixion.

Biblical role

Peter appears prominently in the four Gospels and in the Acts of the Apostles as a leading disciple of Jesus. He is remembered for both his strong confession of faith and his denial of Jesus before the crucifixion.

Name and symbolism

According to Christian tradition, Jesus gave Simon the name Peter, understood as “rock,” and promised him the keys of the kingdom of heaven. These themes shaped later Christian art and doctrine about authority in the Church.

Death and legacy

Tradition says Peter was martyred in Rome under Emperor Nero, often described as crucifixion upside down. His burial is traditionally associated with the Vatican Hill, and Saint Peter’s Basilica is built on the site believed to mark his grave.

Veneration

Peter is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions and celebrated on 29 June together with Saint Paul. He is patron saint of popes, fishermen, net makers, shipbuilders, and several places named for him.