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Samoa

Samoa is an island country in Polynesia, in Oceania, located in the South Pacific Ocean.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Samoa is an island country in Polynesia, Oceania, located in the South Pacific Ocean. Officially the Independent State of Samoa, it consists of two main islands, Savai'i and Upolu, plus smaller inhabited and uninhabited islands. Samoa became independent from New Zealand in 1962 and operates as a unitary parliamentary democracy.

Geography

Samoa consists of two main volcanic islands, Savai'i and Upolu, along with smaller inhabited islands such as Manono and Apolima and several uninhabited islets. The country lies in the Polynesian region of Oceania, roughly halfway between New Zealand and Hawaii.

History

Polynesians have inhabited the islands for thousands of years. Samoa came under German colonial rule in the early 20th century, was administered by New Zealand after World War I, and achieved independence in 1962.

Government and politics

Samoa is a unitary parliamentary democracy. Its political system also incorporates Samoan traditions and customary practices, and the country is divided into 11 administrative divisions.

Demographics and culture

Samoa's population is predominantly Polynesian, with Samoan and English as official languages. Christianity is the major religion, and Samoan culture remains central to national identity.

Key facts

  • Samoa is a sovereign island country in the central South Pacific Ocean.
  • The country’s two largest islands, Upolu and Savai'i, contain most of its land area and population.
  • Samoa became independent from New Zealand in 1962.
  • It is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the United Nations, and the Pacific Islands Forum.
  • Samoa has 11 administrative divisions.
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Canadian context

Samoa is relevant to Canadian readers through Pacific regional affairs, Commonwealth ties, migration, development cooperation, and travel connections involving the broader Oceania region.

Frequently asked questions

What is Samoa?
Samoa is an island country in Polynesia, in the South Pacific Ocean, officially called the Independent State of Samoa.
What is the capital of Samoa?
The capital is Apia, located on the island of Upolu.
When did Samoa become independent?
Samoa became independent from New Zealand in 1962.
What are Samoa’s main islands?
The two main islands are Upolu and Savai'i.
What type of government does Samoa have?
Samoa is a unitary parliamentary democracy.

References

  1. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa
    Supports: Basic geography, government, administrative divisions, UN membership, and island composition.
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/place/Samoa-island-nation-Pacific-Ocean
    Supports: Independence in 1962, official name, location, islands, and general country facts.
  3. BBC Newshttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15655855
    Supports: Capital, area, population, languages, and independence history.
  4. Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Tradehttps://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/samoa/samoa-country-brief
    Supports: Geography, population, capital, independence, and parliamentary democracy.
  5. Commonwealthhttps://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/samoa
    Supports: Commonwealth membership, capital, islands, area, and recent host role.
  6. CIA World Factbookhttps://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2023/countries/samoa/summaries
    Supports: Formal country name, historical name change, and current head of state/government.